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RUSSIA

SrA Britt

SrA Held

SrA Randolph

SrA Wright

MISSION LAB ALS CLASS 21-G

Air Force Capabilities

Air Force

Capabilities

Air and Space Superiority:

Space Superiority- "They (Russia) are expanding their space capabilities and have created space forces that are training and equipping to prevail in future crisis and conflicts"

Employment: By "transforming its space enterprise, fielding resilient architectures, developing, space war fighting expertise and working closely with allies in combined operations. The U.S. is able to deliver space combat power for joint and coalition forces.

Air superiority- In June of 2020, U.S. Air Force F-22 jets scrambled to intercept two separate formations of Russian aircraft that included Tu-95 bombers, Su-35 fighter jets, and an A-50 airborne early warning and control aircraft, according to North American Aerospace Defense Command. All three intercepts were routine, legal and safe. Russia did not enter the American airspace, but got a little too close to Alaska for comfort.

Employment: The operation shows how the U.S is ready to respond to threats and defend or deter adversaries in our airspace.

Command and Control

"the exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated commanding officer over assigned and attached forces in the accomplishment of the mission"

Command & Control

-The Air Combat Command (ACC) is in charge of fighter, reconnaissance, battle-management and electronic-combat aircraft.

-ACCS ability to assess battle fields and ground provides a way to gain intelligence and where to put main focus when employing assets against Russian adversaries. Given protected air spaces and the fact that we are not at war there is only so much that command and control assets can do.

How It Applies to Russia:

-We use command and control everyday against Russia with Operational Security (OPSEC). OPSEC is vital to making sure thaat Russia does not get any information that we do not want them to have.

-If the time ever comes the United States will not be fighting Russia alone. It is important that our own command and control is set forth. How are we expected to work with another ally if our command and control are not a solid source. That is why we have exercises with our allys like Astral Knight.

-Russia has developed strategic plans to disrupt or potentially deny DOD its ability to make decisions; as a result, DOD is modernizing systems and processes to command and control military forces.

-The first issue that Congress has traditionally focused on reflects the authority a commander has to execute an operation.

-The second issue represents the technology and systems that enable commanders to make these decisions and communicate them to the guys in the field.

Astral Knight

-Is a joint exercise that consists of multiple different nations coming together.

-Consists of Airmen, Soldiers and Sailors from the United States working with service members from Albania, Croatia, Greece, Italy and Slovenia

-The exercise will focus on defending essential terrain, and efficent defense from air/missles.

-This exercise could be essential to fighting Russia if need be.

Rapid Global Mobility:

Rapid Global Mobility

-The United States Air Force’s ability to execute Rapid Global Mobility provides national leaders the ability to project hard and soft power at any time, to any location on the globe, and sets the United States military apart from other national militaries.

-Air Mobility Command (AMC) plays a major role in maintaining the rapid global mobility that we have now. They do this by providing responsive and flexible airlift, air refueling, aeromedical evacuation and air mobility support to meet joint force movement and sustainment requirements.

-USAF air mobility forces represent the preeminent air mobility force the world has ever

seen. The capabilities and capacity the force provides the nation are second to none.

.-When it comes to being air-mobile, the Russian military is second only to the U.S. military. According to the 2018 Military Balance Report, Russia fields 177 heavy to medium transport aircraft. This stands in contrast to America’s 658. Russia’s strategic

mobility is still fundamentally tied to its railways. They cannot use air

transport to deploy and sustain large-scale armed forces; this is an axiomatic

point guiding the parameters of Russian strategic mobility.

Global Strike:

  • Prompt Global Strike
  • Global Strike making changes in new era
  • Global Strike overseas Petagon's nuclear weapons
  • Russia no longer standalone strategic concern
  • 2021 new clasified strategic plan

Global Strike

Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR)

The U.S. Air Force claims to hold the best intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) force in the world, and a plan to improve decisive advantage amidst great power competition.

The ability to discover activities not otherwise visible to policymakers and military commanders is still vitally important for military planning and options as well as for warning of unknown attacks on or against U.S soil. ISR aircraft have helped American military commanders and national security policymakers in war and peace for more than 150 years, dating back to the American Civil War. In todays's society missions are not done without ISR. ISR gives us the ability to see things we would not normally know our coming, and helps us protect our soldiers even better in the field.

Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR)

How The U.S. Employs ISR

The United States employs ISR in many differnt ways. In the modern day nothing is done without ISR. In day to day activities, ISR helps keep our troops in the front line safer. It allows to see what is coming before they can. ISR helps the U.S. see strikes coming before they actually hit. IT allows us to find our high value targets like how we found Osama Bin Laden. With ISR we are able to gather new information daily. This is how we were able to see that Russia violated NATO treaty agreements which caused the U.S. to withdraw until Russia fixes their violations.

Examples of ISR

  • U2 (a manned aircraft)
  • Uncrewed Aircraft Systems (UAS)
  • U.S. Airforce Global Hawk and Predator

Examples

Joint forces

  • The unity of effort is the state of harmonizing efforts among multiple organizations working toward a similar objective
  • DOD to support Ukraine in coordinated response to recent Russian aggression
  • Diplomatic and economic pressure on Russia to de-escalate Ukraine crisis
  • DOD making domestic and international contributions

Joint Forces

Adversarial or Non-Adversarial crisis response

Adversarial and Non-Adversarial response

Non-Adversarial: "...the Northern Sea Route has taken on new importance as a waterway that can be used for shipping between Asia and Europe. Russia claims the route is within its territory...The Northern Sea Route has taken on new importance as a waterway that can be used for shipping between Asia and Europe. Russia claims the route is within its territory"

Risks: With Russia being inconsistent with international laws, violations would result in increased tensions between the United States and them. Hindering potential future negotiations and the how we go about making agreements.

Adversarial: "Russia invaded Ukraine in 2014 and carved off the strategically vital peninsula of Crimea, the largest land grab from a sovereign state in this century. Since then, he has supplied money, training, arms and military advisers to separatist forces in the Donbas region of southeast Ukraine."

Risks: If Ukraine belonged to NATO this situation would have been met with a counter attack. And all the sacrifices that go along with it. Potentially erupting into a war.

Tactical Actions

Tactical Actions

Some tactical actions that we have taken to deter Russia would be the U.S. conducting exercises in the Black Sea. While conducting these exercises the United States is showcasing just some of our arsenal in international waters. Though we conducted these exercises in international waters, it is an area where Russia considers the location in it's sphere of influence.

More actions taken were F-22 raptors intercepting a group of Russian aircraft in international airspace near Alaska. The North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) raptors intercepted a pair of Russian Tu-95 bombers. The United States was showing their presence, and in a sense asserting dominance.

Video

Nuclear

Nuclear

-Nuclear detterence is a top priority within the U.S. military. The U.S. having nuclear weapons makes our adversaries around the world sweat a little. It helps to ensure those adversaries don’t make dangerous miscalculations about what they can get away with based on what they think the U.S. is capable of or willing to do in response.

-An example of how the U.S. leverages nuclear power is by extending nuclear security to our allies in Europe and Asia. This lets our adversaries know the risk of threatening our allies' vital interests.

It also prevents our allies from having to use their own nuclear

weapons, support the U.S nonproliferation goals to limit the spread of nuclear weapons.

-Russia on the other hand is using nuclear forces to gain a competitive and dangerous nuclear advantage over the U.S. Russia is building up its nuclear forces, and in some areas could gain an advantage over the United States. As Russia modernizes its nuclear forces and introduces new capabilities limited by existing arms controls, the United States has just barely begun to modernize its aging legacy strategic systems. Most of America’s nuclear systems are between 40 years and 60 years old.

--The Federation of American Scientists estimates that Russia possesses 6,800 nuclear weapons, while the United States has 6,185; Russia and the U.S. each have 1,600 active deployed strategic nuclear warheads.

Cyberspace

Cyberspace

  • Russia's UN violations
  • Recent cyber crime against U.S.
  • US Cyber Command and NSA's cyber inflitration
  • Biden's "off-limits" sectors
  • Ransomware Task Force

Defense Objectives

National Defense Strategy

-Sustaining Joint Forces military advantages, both globally and in key regions.

-Deterring adversaries from aggression against our vital interests

-Ensuring common domains remain open and free

Russia, with its array of hard-to-detect cruise missiles and advanced submarines, poses the primary military threat to the American homeland today, the commander of U.S. Northern Command said Tuesday

-The advanced cruise missiles in Russia’s arsenal have the range to strike the United States when launched from inside Russian territory

-A Russian submarine surfaced “in the middle of a bunch of fishing vessels up there and actually fired a missile from there.”

U.S. Strategy used:

-Command is looking to new technologies like overhead persistent capabilities to improve domain awareness.

-The U.S. Navy is making regular trips to the Arctic Circle, with the four-ship patrol sailing in the Barents Sea. Three of the four ships, which sailed alongside the British Royal Navy frigate Kent, were destroyers based in Rota, Spain, as part of an operation spearheaded by the U.S. Navy’s 6th Fleet

Instrument of National Powers

Instruments of National Power

-Instruments of National Power include: Diplomacy, Information, Military and Economics

-Informatoin is an example of how Russia use these instruments

- Russian President Vladimir Putin uses

the information instrument of national

power effectively within the Russian

borders.

-The Kremlin, under Putin’s tenure has been adjusting information-related laws very quickly in the attempt to gain and maintain control over information flow and availability. For example, the three major national television networks were taken under the control of the state less than a year after Putin was sworn into office . Media in Russia is segregated into discrete circles with regulations in place to keep media sources from interacting and producing a bigger picture message. Mass protests of any sort seem unlikely as multiple sources of information have no means of connection or interaction large enough to gain momentum or escape from the watchful eyes of Russian regulators.

Resources

-https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-21-210

-https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Portals/10/AUPress/Papers/WF_0062_BALTRUSAITUS_A_RAPID_GLOBAL_EFFECTS_CAPABILITY.pdf

-https://www.heritage.org/defense/report/the-increasing-russian-nuclear-threat

-https://www.airforcemag.com/PDF/DocumentFile/Documents/2016/Rapid%20Global%20Mobility%20Vision.pdf

-https://www.heritage.org/defense/report/the-increasing-russian-nuclear-threat

-https://nationalinterest.org/blog/reboot/what-makes-russias-air-mobility-world-class-193871

-https://journal.fi/ta/article/view/55952/18445

-https://www.airforcemag.com/air-force-global-strike-command-eyes-changes-in-second-decade/

-https://csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/legacy_files/files/media/csis/pubs/pm_0417.pdf

-https://www.jcs.mil/Media/News/News-Display/Article/571655/dod-supports-us-allied-response-to-russia-ukraine-crisis/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qo-l21tGu3I

https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_133127.htm

https://news.usni.org/2021/04/13/report-to-congress-on-command-and-control

https://warontherocks.com/2019/06/is-the-air-force-serious-about-intelligence-surveillance-and-reconnaissance/

https://www.brookings.edu/testimonies/understanding-and-deterring-russia-u-s-policies-and-strategies/

https://www.airforcetimes.com/news/your-air-force/2020/10/20/norad-f-22s-intercept-russian-fighters-bombers-near-alaska/

https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/topics_50090.htm

https://www.usafe.af.mil/News/Press-Releases/Article/2551580/exercise-astral-knight-2021/

https://military.wikia.org/wiki/Command_and_control

Resources

https://www.defense.gov/Explore/News/Article/Article/2096883/us-will-not-let-china-russia-deny-its-space-superiority-dod-officials-say/

https://www.jcs.mil/Media/News/News-Display/Article/571655/dod-supports-us-allied-response-to-russia-ukraine-crisis/

https://www.highnorthnews.com/en/dozens-vessels-violate-safety-rules-northern-sea-route

https://www.seattletimes.com/opinion/u-s-and-russia-are-on-a-collision-course-in-the-black-sea/

https://www.defensenews.com/naval/2020/05/11/the-us-navy-returns-to-an-increasingly-militarized-arctic/

https://osce.usmission.gov/ongoing-violations-of-international-law-by-the-russian-federation-in-ukraine/

https://inss.ndu.edu/Portals/82/Documents/conference-reports/Putins-Russia-and-US-Defense-Strategy.pdf

https://www.airforcemag.com/russia-simulates-bombing-exercise-in-black-sea-as-nato-u-s-forces-exercise/

More Resources

Even More Resources

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