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Cellular Respiration

The Mitochondria

Overview of

The Mitochondria

Overview

  • Called the "power house" of the cell!
  • Site of cellular respiration!
  • Breaks down glucose to make ATP!

Mitochondrial Structure

How do organisms obtain energy?

  • From food!
  • Nutrition is the process of obtaining food while respiration is making useable energy from the food
  • Chemical energy converted to useable energy

Video

Two Types of Respiration

  • Aerobic - Requires oxygen

  • Anaerobic - Requires no oxygen

  • Produce a different amount of energy (ATP)

Two Types of Respiration

Aerobic

Aerobic - Requires oxygen

  • 6O2 + C6H12O6 → 6 CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

  • Oxygen + Glucose → **Carbon dioxide + **Water + ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
  • **byproducts (waste)

Anaerobic - no oxygen

Anerobic

  • With no oxygen, respiration can occur through
  • glycolysis
  • fermentation

  • Uses a different set of pathways

Energy Totals

Aerobic

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36ATP

Very efficient

Anaerobic

C6H12O6 → 6CO2 + lactic Acid + 2ATP

Signals muscle fatigue

Fermentation

C6H12O6 → 6CO2 + Alcohol + 2ATP

In yeast and bacteria

The Process of Aerobic Respiration

  • Occurs in 3 enzyme controlled steps

  • Glycolysis
  • Kreb's Cycle
  • Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

Aerobic -

The Steps

The ATP Molcule

ATP

  • Made of adenosine and 3 phosphate groups

  • Bonds between the phosphate store much energy and release it when broken

Glycolysis

Glycolysis

  • “Sugar Breaking”

  • 1 molecule of glucose broken into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid

  • USES 2 ATP molecules

  • Makes 4 total for a net total of 2 ATP

Kreb's Cycle

  • We get CO2 waste here

  • Gives a total of 2 ATP molecules

Electron Transport Chain

  • Oxygen is used here

  • Water is released as a waste product here

  • Gives a total of 32 ATP!!

Energy Totals

2 ATP from Glycolysis

2 ATP from Krebs Cycle

32 ATP from Electron Transport

Total: 36 ATP molecules

ALL FROM ONE GLUCOSE!

Summary

  • All cellular respiration focuses on the synthesis of ATP

  • Converting chemical energy stored in bonds between glucose into energy useable by the cell

  • Aerobic respiration is most efficient, synthesizing 36 ATP from 1 glucose molecule

  • In most organisms, cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondria

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