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THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Where and when?

  • In Great Britain
  • In 1750

WHERE AND WHEN

CAUSES : conditions that favoured the development of the Industrial Revolution in G.B.

1. wealth of raw materials : fossil fuels like coal, iron, gas ;

2. capitals to be invested in business : rich middle class, landowners , bankers

3.Government support for business : Free Trade

4. cheap goods imported from the colonies

5. profits from the transatlantic slave trade provided G.B. with capital to invest in industrialization

6. cheap labor

WHY IN G.B.

INVENTIONS

1. STEAM ENGINE 1776 James Watt

2. SPINNING JENNY 1765 James Hargreaves

3. LOCOMOTIVE 1814 George Stephenson

KEY INVENTIONS

CHANGES BROUGHT ABOUT BY THE I.R.

MAIN CHANGES

1. social changes

2. birth of 2 new social classes : the capitalists and the labour

3. urbanization: people moved from the countryside to the cities or to the industrial towns

4. birth of industrial towns

5. better transports : canals, roads, railways

6. more food and better diet

7. lifestyle changed

Changes in agriculture

CHANGES IN AGRICULTURE

1. ENCLOSURE ACTS : passed by the government, favoured the big landowners

2. TECHNICAL INNOVATIONS :

wheeled plough; use of chemical fertilizers; better soil drainage ; crop rotation

3. PRODUCTION : increaesd

4. AGRICULTURAL WORKERS : lost jobs in agriculture and became industrial workers

Negative Aspects of the I.R.

NEGATIVE ASPECTS

1. exploitation of the workers :they worked long hours a day and reveived very small wages

2. unemployment : not all the workers found jobs in the factories, mines, mills

3. child labour : children were forced to work because of the poverty of their families

4. no education for the poor and the workers

5. slums : the workers lived in very bad housing

6. poverty : increased

7. end of family industry

8. pollution

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