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Genetic & Environmental Factors Influencing Prenatal Development

Caroline Thieneman

ChFD 308

Genetic Factors

Many genetic factors can influence prenatal development.

Genetic Factors

Gene

A single unit of genetic information.

Gene

Genotype

The total of an organism’s genetic information.

Genotype

Allele

One of a pair of genes.

Allele

Phenotype

The observable or expressed genes.

Phenotype

Chromosome

A structure containing most of an organism’s genetic information.

Mutation

A change in the genes.

Genetic Disorder

Results when there is a problem in the inheritance of imprinted genes.

Environmental Factors

Many environmental factors that a mother is subjected to can influence prenatal development.

Environmental Factors

Smoking

Smoking during pregnancy is associated with a variety of poor birth outcomes.

Smoking

Alcohol

Consuming alcohol during pregnancy can cause a variety of poor birth outcomes and defects.

Alcohol

Drugs

Certain drugs, whether over the counter or illegal, can be dangerous for the fetus during pregnancy.

Drugs

Disease

If the mother is exposed to a serious disease during pregnancy, it can lead to birth defects and cognitive delays.

Disease

Maternal Nutrition

The food a mother eats can help or hurt prenatal development.

Maternal Nutrition

Stressors

Stressors

Any form of stress during pregnancy can have negative effects on various aspects of fetal developments. Stress can cause harm to both mother and fetus.

Socioeconomic Status

A combination of education, income and occupation can impact.

Socioeconomic Status

Other Teratogens

Other teratogens, such as chemical, radiation and pollution, can have a variety of poor prenatal developmental effects.

Other Teratogens

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