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Phylogenetic tree of Mollusca
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Viktoria Volsikova
Phylogenetic tree
Mollusca (Phylum)
Molluscas are typically organisms consisting of a head and a foot with soft bodies.
They have a very long fossil history, which makes them good specimens for paleontologists to study the history of life.
Cephalopod (Class)
Cephalopod
Probably the most inteligent and mobile class of Mollescules. The animals in this class have a long fossil record stretching up to 500 million years and have an impressive list of adaptations that have helped them survive, such as colorchanging skin and complex learning behavior.
Nautilida
Decapodiformes
Octopodiformes
Sources
“The Cephalopoda.” Lophotrochozoa : Mollusca, ucmp.berkeley.edu/taxa/inverts/mollusca/cephalopoda.php.
Bivalvia (Class)
Bivalvia
The most recognizable part of this class is the fact that the animal is enclosed in a shel that consists of two parts.
Most of the animals belonging to this class are filter feeders, however some can even be preditors. Most either live burried under sand to protect themselves from preditors, or attach themselves to rocks wood and other materials.
Ostreoida
Limoida
Pterioida
Mytiloida
Sources
Kellogg, Derek, and Daphne G. Fautin. “Bivalvia.” Animal Diversity Web, 26 Jan. 2001, animaldiversity.org/accounts/Bivalvia/.
Gastropoda (Class)
Gastropoda
The biggest out of all Molusculla classes with somewhere between 60,000–75,000 known species, which have adapted to both lad and water habitats.
The species in this class have a muscular leg with a recognisable head on which they have located their sensory tenticles. Most Gastropods also have a shell.
Pulmonata
The distinctive characteristics of a Pulmonata is that they have lungs rather than gills.
Achatinidae
This family of snail tenst to be of medium to large size, typically found in African regions
Achatina
This genus consists of some 200 species, some of which may be used as terrarium animals due to their large size and colorful shells.
Achatina achatina
Achatina fulica
Achatina immaculata
Achatina reticulata
Archachatina
A genus of large tropical snails.
Archachatina
Archachatina marginata
Archachatina camerunensis
Archachatina bicarinata
Columna leai
Columna
This species belongs to the genus Columna and is native to São Tomé and Principe.
Bradybaenidae
This family of snails is most commonly found in Asia or Northwest Europe.
Fruticicola fruticum
Is a species from the genus Fruticicola
Fruticicola
Euhadra
This genus is nearly endemic to Japan, with one species spread in Korea as well.
Euhadra murayamai
Euhadra peliomphala
Euhadra senckenbergiana
Helicidae
Known also as the typical snail, snails from this family are often used for culinary purpouses.
Helix
Are large snails most commonly found in the mediterrenian region and europe.
Helix
Helix pomatia
Helix lucorum
Helix nucula
Helix aspersa
Probably the most commonly known species of snails and most widely spread. It is also takes the name garden snail.
Allognathus
This Genus is endemic to the Balearic Islands
Allognathus campanyonii
Allognathus graellsianus
Allognathus hispanicus
Cepaea
Snails belonging to this genus tend to be of medium size and their shells are usually of bright color with striped patterns
Cepaea nemoralis
Cepaea vindobonensis
Cepaea hortensis
Source
“Land Snails (& Other Air-Breathers in Pulmonata Subclass & Sorbeconcha Clade).” Pulmonates (Air Breathing Land Snails), shells.tricity.wsu.edu/ArcherdShellCollection/Gastropoda/Pulmonates.html.
Gymnomorpha
It is a clade that consists of shelless air breathing Gastropoda (slugs).
Rathouisiidae
They are a Family of carnivorus terrestrial slugs.
Atopos
Atopos australis
Atopos kempii
Atopos ouwensi
Atopos semperi
Atopos rugosus
Rathouisia leonina
Rathouisia
A species part of the Rathouisia Genus
Veronicellidae
Is a family of terrestrial slugs which feed on leaves.
Belocaulus angustipes
Belocaulus
A species fo the Belocaulus genus.
Laevicaulis
Laevicaulis haroldi
Laevicaulis alte
Veronicella
Veronicella cubensis
Veronicella sloanei
Onchidiidae
This is a family of Gymnomorpha which are shelless, breath air and their habitat being related to the sea as they are sea and land slugs
Onchidella
Onchidella celtica
Onchidella nigricans
Onchidella borealis
Peronia
Peronia verruculata
Peronia tumidum
Peronia peronii
Peronia melanopneumon
Sources
- https://alchetron.com/Onchidium
- https://www.sealifebase.se/identification/SpeciesList.php?famcode=2208&areacode=&spines=&fins=
- https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Onchidiidae/classification/
Opisthobranchia
Is an informal subclass of Gastropoda with gills located behind the heart.
Aplustridae
The muscle of the animals from this family are colorful and they also carry a fragile shell.
Bullina
(Genus)
Bullina exquisita
Bullina callizona
Bullina lineata
Hydatina
Hydatina
(Genus)
Hydatina albocincta
Hydatina physis
Hydatina zonata
Micromelo
Genus
Micromelo undatus
Micromelo guamensis
Aplustrum
Aplustrum amplustre
Species of the genus Aplustrum.
Aplysiidae
Also known as sea hares, species from this family are big in size and have big long rhinophores which make them resemble a rabbit or hare.
Aplysia
This Genus of sea hares consist of medium to large slugs which when threatend can release ink.
Aplysia argus
Aplysia fasciata
Aplysia dactylomela
Aplysia depilans
Aplysia parvula
Aplysia californica
Stylocheilus
Genus
Stylocheilus longicauda
Stylocheilus striatus
Syphonota geographica
Syphonota
Is a species from a monotypic genus called Syphonota.
Aeolidiidae
All species within this family use appendages named cerata for respiration and defence.
Aeolidiidae
Berghia
Genus
Berghia norvegica
Berghia coerulescens
Baeolidia
Genus
Baeolidia australis
Baeolidia moebii
Baeolidia salaamica
Baeolidia variabilis
Aeolidia
Genus
Aeolidia filomenae
Aeolidia loui
Aeolidia papillosa
Sources
Carmona, Leila, et al. “A Tale That Morphology Fails to Tell: a Molecular Phylogeny of Aeolidiidae (Aeolidida, Nudibranchia, Gastropoda).” PloS One, Public Library of Science, 2 May 2013, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3642091/.
Prosobranchia
Sources
Myers, Phil, and John B. Burch. “Gastropoda.” Animal Diversity Web, animaldiversity.org/accounts/Gastropoda/.
Sources
Polyplacophora (Class)
THey are marine animals with a specific shell consisting of 8 overlaping parts which allow for the animals to roll into a ball like shape.
Polyplacophora
Lepidopleurida
Chitonida
Sources
Campbell, Andrew, and Daphne G. Fautin. “Polyplacophora.” Animal Diversity Web, animaldiversity.org/accounts/Polyplacophora/.
Sources
- “The Mollusca.” Lophotrochozoa, ucmp.berkeley.edu/taxa/inverts/mollusca/mollusca.php.
- “Mollusca.” WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Octopodidae D'Orbigny, 1840, www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=11782.