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Definition: A point source of pollution is a single identifiable source of air, water, thermal, noise or light pollution. A point source has negligible extent, distinguishing it from other pollution source geometries
Explanation
Factories and sewage treatment plants are two common types of point sources.
Factories, including oil refineries, pulp and paper mills,
and chemical, electronics and automobile manufacturers, typically
discharge one or more pollutants in their discharged waters (called effluents)
Some factories discharge their effluents directly into a waterbody.
Others treat it themselves before it is released, and
still others send their wastes to sewage treatment plants for treatment.
Sewage treatment plants treat
human wastes and send the treated effluent to a stream or river.
Definition: a source of pollution that issues from widely distributed or pervasive environmental elements.
Explanation
Most non-point source pollution occurs as a result of runoff. When rain or melted snow moves over and through the ground, the water absorbs and assimilates any pollutants it comes into contact with (U.S.E.P.A., 2004b). Following a heavy rainstorm, for example, water will flow across a parking lot and pick up oil left by cars driving and parking on the asphalt. When you see a rainbow-colored sheen on water flowing across the surface of a road or parking lot, you are actually looking at non-point source pollution.
Infectious diseases can be spread through contaminated water. Some of these water-borne diseases are Typhoid, Cholera, Paratyphoid Fever, Dysentery, Jaundice, Amoebiasis and Malaria.
Chemicals in the water also have negative effects on our health.
Pesticides – can damage the nervous system and cause cancer because of the carbonates and organophosphates that they contain. Chlorides can cause reproductive and endocrinal damage.
Nitrates – are especially dangerous to babies that drink formula milk. It restricts the amount of oxygen in the brain and cause the “blue baby” syndrome.
Lead – can accumulate in the body and damage the central nervous system.
Arsenic – causes liver damage, skin cancer and vascular diseases
Flourides - in excessive amounts can make your teeth yellow and cause damage to the spinal cord.
Petrochemicals – even with very low exposure, can cause cancer.
Water pollution is a serious threat impacting over 40 percent of U.S. rivers and 46 percent of lakes, according to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency figures.
Water quality is also compromised by air pollution through acid rain. Acid rain occurs when contaminants such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide combine with moisture in the air in a process fueled by sunlight. The result is precipitation with acidic pH levels. The acid rain can cause immediate plant and animal distress or death in high concentrations. The effects are especially dire when the pH levels of waterways are altered. Soil contamination can also occur, making entire environments unfit for life.
https://www.in.gov/idem/nps/2487.htm
https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/kits/pollution/04nonpointsource.html
https://www.google.com/search?q=point+source+pollution&rlz=1CAQIMT_enUS815US815&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiQ_tON-PrhAhVSPn0KHeKtBOcQ_AUIDigB&biw=1366&bih=610&safe=active&ssui=on#imgrc=YbUPEs_qDvmutM:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_source_pollution
http://www.theworldcounts.com/stories/how-does-water-pollution-affect-humans
https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1CAQIMT_enUS815US815&biw=1366&bih=610&tbm=isch&sa
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https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/kits/pollution/03pointsource.html
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