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Mind Map - English for Doctors
40
TAKING OBSERVATION
Breathing
Breathing
Aim
- Give important insights into someone's general health status
Findings
When
When
The frequency of checking will vary according to the persons health state.
Findings
factors that affect the respiratory rate: age, gender, size and weight, exercise, anxiety, pain, the effect of some medicines, smoking habits and excitement level are among them.
Pulse
Pulse
Aim :
- a regular observation regime for someone whose health state is being monitored closely.
When
When
This will depends on why the patient/client is needing to access health services.
Findings
Findings
make sure that we take all factors into consideration when assessing the pulse.
Ex : smoking, physical activity
Body Temperature
Body Temperature
Aim :
- The body needs to be kept in the normal temperature range so that all the other processes it goes through can take place effectively
When
When
Routine initial checks
Findings
- Raising body temperature indicates pyraxia
- Declaining body temperature indicates hypothermia
Blood Pressure
Blood Pressure
Aim :
- To detect high or low blood pressure related illness
When
When
Initial routine checks, especially people with history of HBP
The person should be :
- Relax
- Does not consume cigarettes or achohol
Findings
- ‘Normal’ blood pressures vary widely
- above 140/90 is considered as hypertension (the silent killer)
- below normal is considered as hypotension (dizzy or faint)
Oxygen Levels
Oxygen Levels
Aim :
- Oxygen is vital to life and reduced levels of oxygen circulating in the bloodstream can lead to very serious complications.
When
When
People who may be going through a particularly difficult health problem that is compromising their ability to absorb and transport oxygen in the blood
Findings
Findings
‘oxygen saturation’ levels : the level of oxygen that has been absorbed by the blood
Normal : 95%-100%
Needs prompt attention : <90%
Aim :
- to measure the flow rate of air as it’s being blown out by the patient/client, which tells us whether they’re having problems expelling air from their lungs.
Peak Flow Testing
Peak Flow Testing
When
When
- e.g people with lung diseases esp. asthma need to step up peak flow testing
- The frequency will vary according to the person’s general health state
- involving testing in the morning and at night.
Findings
Findings
Normal: vary according to height, gender, and age.
Adults: 400-700 litres/minute
A drop of around 20 percent from the normal would be cause for concern, but a drop of 50 percent would be alarming and would require immediate medical attention.
Blood glucose Testing
Aim :
- To diagnose and monitor the ongoing treatment of diabetes.
Blood Glucose Testing
When
When
People with diabetes check their blood glucose routinely
Findings
Findings
High: hyperglycemia
Low: hypoglycemia
A person whose blood glucose goes too high or too low is at risk, and we need to act quickly to stabilize the situation
Aim :
- To measure how appropriate a patients/clients weight is for his or her height, gender and age.
Body Mass Index
When
When
Initial routine checks
Findings
Findings
BMI
- <16 severe acute malnutrition
- BMI 18.5-22.9: normal
- BMI 23-24.9: overweight
Aim :
- To monitor a persons health status which doesn't involve the person having to do anything except provide the sample.
Urine Testing
Urine Testing
When
When
Assesing blood glucose levels in urine or hepar and kidney-related illness
Findings
Findings
the amount of sugar in the urine gave an indirect indication of how much was in the blood. But testing blood for sugar levels gives much more up-to-date and accurate results so is now the preferred testing option.
ex :
Albumin (+): kidney malfunction
Ketone (+): ketosis