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THE NAPOLEONIC EMPIRE
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THE NAPOLEONIC EMPIRE
Napoleon has been an important figure in French history, the country's first emperor, he also managed to extend his empire to most of Europe creating a new map of the continent.
1780s
After years of resentment ,because of the ancien régime, people started a revolution in France in 1789.
These years brought a lot progress but it was characterized by violence and disorder too.
In order to avoid that,
France needed a strong leader.
THE RISE OF NAPOLEON
Napoleon was already an acclaimed soldier, he ascended very fast in the army.
In november of 1799 in a coup d'état which resulted in a three-person Consulate. The first consul, Napoleon, had all the real power; the other two consuls were figureheads.
On May 18, 1804, Napoleon was crowned Emperor in Notre-Dame l by Pope Pius VII.
1799-1804
THE BATTLE OF TRAFALGAR
1805
As part of Napoleon's plans to invade England, the French and Spanish fleets attemped to take control of the English Channel . Though they had more fleets than the United Kingdom they were defeat.
The conseuquences were that Napoleon did not carry out the invasion of the United Kingdom so he turned his attention to his continental rivals.
THE SPANISH CAMPAIGN
1808
Initially, Spain had been an ally with France but in 1808 Napoleon installed his own brother Joseph Bonaparte on the Spanish throne due to conflicts between the king of Spain Charles IV and his son.
The new king was not loved by the population so, people made an uprising on 2 May. France response was fast but Spain had a ponderous ally, England.
Napoleon was victorious at Somosierra on 30 November but he had to return soon to Paris because of the Austrian threat.The conflict, a real war of independence for the Spanish, also contributed to the weakening of the Napoleonic army and served to demonstrate to the whole of Europe that it was no longer invincible
Napoleonic invasion of Russia
Napoleon decided to start the invasion of Russia as a response to the withdrawl of Tsar Alexander and the liberation of Poland.
This was a disaster: the French had to retire, they suffered numerous losses, many of them because of the cold in Russia
1812
THE BATTLE OF LEIPZIG a.k.a BATTLE OF NATIONS
It is known as the “Battle of the Nations” because of the number of nationalities involved – French, allied with Poles, Neapolitans, against the Russians, Austrians, Prussians and Swedes
Napoleon's army returned exahusted from the war in Russia so there was a low chance of them winning the war.
So after the defeat on 16 and 19 October at the Battle of Leipzig , Napoleon abdicated and he exiled to Elba, and island in the Mediterranean sea
1813
Battle of Waterloo and retirement
1815
In 1815 he returned to Paris where he assumed the power and governed for a period of time (Hundred Days) and he was prepared for the decisive battle at Waterloo.
However, Napoleon was defeat on 18 June. Probably becuase the unexpected arrival of von Blücher's troops, supposedly delayed by rain.
Later, as he was advised by a number of his close associates, Napoleon capitulated on 22 June and moved away to Saint Helena where years later, he would die. (specifically the 5th May 1821)