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Timelines -

A Brief History of Computer Science

Presentation by Raphael Spiros

1801

Punched Card Computing

Joseph Marie Jacquard's loom is an example of early mechanical binary programming, as it used punched cards that could use a punched 1, or a blank 0 to code functions. This is the first representation of binary logic being used in machinery.

https://archive.org/details/jacquardswebhowh0000essi

1801

Charles Babbage's Analytical Machine

In 1837, Charles Babbage fabricated the idea of an Analytical Machine, this would have expandable memory, logic processing, and an arithmetic unit. This concept is still proportionate to the modern day computer, with a Processing unit and expandable memory.

https://everythingcomputerscience.com/CSHistory.html

1837

1840

Ada Lovelace and the first Algorithmic Mechanical Computer

Ada Lovelace worked with Charles Babbage on the first mechanical computer. This computer utilized algorithms, and could compute Bernoulli numbers. This work opened a foresight to her, in which computers would advance to be a key point in the daily life of the future. This prediction was later proved correct.

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Babbage

1840

1889

Herman Hollerith

In the 1880's, Herman Hollerith developed the Tabulator, or The Hollerith Electric Tabulating System, which could compile statistics. This machine was assigned to tally the 1890 Census. Later these tallying machines were used on a national scale by other countries for their own censuses.

http://www.columbia.edu/cu/computinghistory/hollerith.html

1889

Atanasoff-Berry Computer and the Colossus

The ABC was the first digital hardware computer, and it could compute linear equations. This computer utilized binary arithmetic and electronic switching mechanisms, which pioneered modern computers.

The Colossus was used to break the Lorenz Cypher in 1944, and utilized vacuum tubes to perform Boolean operations. The computer is seen as the first programmable digital computer due to its flexibility.

An ABC replica on display

http://jva.cs.iastate.edu/history.php

http://www.colossus-computer.com/colossus1.html#sdfootnote96sym

1937-1944

First complex programming language

In 1946 Konrad Zuse, one of the earliest computer businessmen, created the first complex programming languages, Plankalkül. This language can do a surprising lot of things that modern languages can, such as arrays, exceptions, and conditional statements.

https://history-computer.com/ModernComputer/Software/Plankalkul.html

1946

1950's

The Fifties saw many new developments, one notable being the development of Fortran, developed by John Backus, which quickly became the name brand for scientific computing, dominating the statistical and mathematical world.

http://www.softwarepreservation.org/projects/FORTRAN/paper/p25-backus.pdf

1950s

1983

The first computer virus was developed by Fred Cohen, called the Compression Virus. This virus made all executable files on the computer smaller and simpler. This was to demonstrate defense techniques again future viruses

1983

Historical

Facts

Historical Facts

Historical Facts

Historical Facts

The First OS

First OS

The first computer OS was developed by IBM, named GM-NAA I/O. In this time in the 50s, operating systems were very diverse, even ones developed by same companies.

https://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/1956/

The MITS Altair 8800

First PC

This computer was the first Personal Computer to hit the markets, expensive, and not impressive or that different compared to the modern laptop, it still was a marvel for its time.

https://www.computer.org/csdl/magazine/co/1977/03/01646402/13rRUwkfATk

The MOSFET

MOSFET

The metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor, or MOSFET, was made in 1959. It is the most frequently manufactured device in history, being manufactured in almost every electronic, as it is the building blocks to electronics and circuitry.

https://computerhistory.org/blog/who-invented-the-transistor/

Antikythera mechanism

The Antikythera mechanism was discovered in an ancient shipwreck off the coast of Antikythera, Greece. Not much is known about the authors of the machine. It is an analogue computer and could predict the irregular orbit of the moon.

https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2018-SEP1

IBM

By now, you have noticed the name IBM thrown around a lot in the progression of computing. They are still making large strides today, and are surprisingly still innovative with new fields like quantum computing. They were begun in 1911 as a tabulating company and later renamed to their current name in 1924

IBM

https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/51143/000104746919000712/a2237254z10-k.htm

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