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IEEE NITK's Virtual Expo

presents

VTOL - Vertical Take Off and Landing

Project Introduction

A vertical take-off and landing aircraft is one that can hover, take off and land vertically.

This project attempts to create a VTOL drone which is in the shape of a conventional aircraft.

The main aim is to study, develop and understand the engineering ideas behind Vertical

Take-Off.

Project Introduction

Problem

Statement

Problem Statement

Creating the drone in the form of a conventional aircraft that takes off and lands vertically which increases the range for applications.

MOTIVATION

Motivation

Vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) craft requires less physical space and infrastructure to get into the air compared to traditional planes. That means more fighters on a single aircraft carrier, or smaller airports in more remote places.

Bringing it into action

The motors must provide thrust greater than the weight of the aircraft for vertical take off. Since takeoff and landing are not controlled by the wing of a VTOL aircraft, the vehicle is built in such a way that the wings are optimized for speed and efficiency and to reduce the drag experienced by the aircraft, making it even faster.

After reaching required altitude, it tilts forward to achieve horizontal flight. For changes in flight path, ailerons are used to control its motion in roll.

How it

Works

Materials Required

Resources

Required

1. DC Motors(2)

2. Servos(2)

3. ESC(2)

4. MPU6050(1)

5. BMP180(1)

6. Transmitter & Receiver(1)

7. NodeMCU(1)

8. LiPo Battery(2)

9. SunPack sheets(3)

10. Balsa wood 6"x6"(4)

Laser Cutting

The airfoil designs of the wings were drawn on Solidworks and then cut out from balsa wood by laser cutting.

Additional Tools

Software used

1. Solidworks: for designing CAD model.

2. XFLR5: for choosing appropriate airfoil.

3. Arduino IDE: for coding the sensors.

Software used

Demographics

1. Jeet Shah

2. Vehan Doshi

3. Dhruv Kumar Jha

4. Nitesh Kumar Gupta

5. Viba R Udupa

6. Yuvasankar B

Making

Rs. 7,000

6

Budget

Number of members

4m

Time Required

Mechanics

Step 1

  • The speed of the aircraft is estimated to be in the range of 15 m/s to 50 m/s. The operation temperature is taken to be 30°C for our calculations. At this temperature, the kinematic viscosity of air will be approximately 1.608E-5 m²/s. Taking the chord length to be 15cm, we calculate the range of Reynolds number to be 2,00,000 — 5,00,000.
  • Based on the requirements, airfoil NACA 6412 was chosen as it has a near flat bottom surface which is desired as it makes the measurements simpler and wings can be manufactured accurately.
  • The wing area was decided and then the CAD modeling was completed.

Electronics

Step 2

  • The testing of sensors with arduino were completed.
  • Sensors used were gyroscope, accelerometer, magnetic field and temperature integrated sensor(MPU9250), altitude, pressure and temperature integrated sensor(GY-63 M9250).
  • All necessary connections were soldered into the breadboard.
  • Writing of the quadcopter code was completed.
  • Controling and predicted the angles of servos, using the code was completed.
  • The CAD modelling of the aircraft was completed.

Assembly

  • Laser Cut different sections of the modeled wing.
  • After Arranging those in correct order, we will bend the sunpacked sheet over the profiles and stick it with strong Adhesives.
  • Attachment of wings to the fuselage via plastic M6 Nuts & Bolts.
  • Fuselage will have flat faces and be supported by trusses made up of Balsa wood.
  • The electronic components will be wired into the drone body.

Step 3

Some photos of our work so far.

Images

Additional works

1. Fine Caliberation of ESC.

2. Fine PID tuning.

3.Flight controll analysis based on chassis errrors and further improvements in design.

Further improvements

Results

Due to unforeseen circumstances, we were asked to vacate the campus before we could complete the project.

Hence, the Final testing could not be completed.

Demonstration

Journey Map

Final tuning and testing under diffrent conditions.

Journey

Completing CAD model and familiarizing with sensors.

Completing the PID controller tuning.

Building the Aircraft.

Video

Here is a Model of our aircraft

Video/Demonstration

Fails vs Achieved

A few aspects did not work as planned and hence, we had to come up with alternatives.

Fails

Laser cutting of sections of wings and assembled together.

3D printing of aircraft.

Rectangular fuselage.

Cylindrical fuselage.

Applications

VTOL craft can be used in congested or isolated areas. They are ideal for mapping related activities for a wide area surveys.

Applications and Future Work

The team

Done by

1. Jeet Shah

2. Vehan Doshi

3. Dhruv Kumar Jha

4. Nitesh Kumar Gupta

5. Viba R Udupa

6. Yuvasankar B

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