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Chemistry of Plants

Javier Nunez & Ahtziri Rodriguez

Carbon

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Major Chemicals Present in Plants

Carbon

Plants use carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to make the building blocks of food during photosynthesis

After processing carbon dioxide they release Oxygen into atmosphere

Hydrogen

Hydrogen is used by plants which combine it with carbon during the photosynthesis process and release oxygen into the atmosphere

Oxygen

plants take in carbon dioxide from the air and combine it with water they absorbed through their roots and make oxygen, releasing extra oxygen to the air

Primary Nutrients:

nutrients that are required by plants in larger quantities than other nutrients

Primary

Nutrients (Chemicals) Present in Plants

Nitrogen

Plants take nitrogen from the soil

through their roots as amino acids

Makes up part of the chlorophyll in plants

important to growth and development

Nitrogen

(Primary

Nutrient)

Phosphorous

Strengthens plant resilience

improves germination

Ensures proper development and maturity of plants

Necessary for proper photosynthesis

Phosphorus

(Primary Nutrient)

Potassium

regulates growth and metabolism in plants

regulates CO2 uptake

During photosynthesis it regulates closing and opening of stomata

Plants take large amounts of potassium during life cycle

Potassium

(Primary Nutrient)

Micro Nutrients:

nutrients that are required by plants in larger quantities than other nutrients

Micro

Nutrients (Chemicals) Present in Plants

Boron

Helps with flower production

Anther Formation

Pollination

Seed Setting

Plant Productivity

Root hair formation

Ion uptake

Plant respiration

Sugar transport

Cell division and elongation

Copper

Prevents wilting in Flowers

Improves flavor or fruits and

vegetables

Supports cell wall strength

Supports chlorophyll formation

Nitrogen metabolism

Copper

Iron

Involved when a plant

produces chlorophyll

assists in nitrate and sulfate

reduction

energy production within plant

Iron

Manganese

chloroplast formation

photosynthesis

nitrogen metabolism

pollen germination

pollen tube growth

root cell elongation

resistance to root pathogens

Manganese

Molybdenum

essential component in two enzymes

that convert nitrate into nitrite

nitrite: toxic form of nitrogen

turns nitrite into ammonia to synthe-

size amino acids within plant

needed to fix atmospheric nitrogen

Molybdenum

Zinc

activates enzymes responsible for

synthesis of certain proteins.

used in the formation of chlorophyll and some carbohydrates

conversion of starches to sugars

helps the plant to withstand cold temperatures

essential in the formation of auxins

( auxins: help with growth regulation and stem elongation )

Zinc

Nickel

component of some plant enzymes, especially urease

urease: metabolizes urea nitrogen into useable ammonia within plant

.

used as a catalyst in enzymes

helps legumes fix nitrogen

helps with disease tolerance

Nickel

Chloride

needed in small quantities

aids in:

plant metabolism

photosynthesis

osmosis : movement of water in and out of plant cells

ionic balance within the cell

Chloride

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