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Introduction

  • Each year in our industry, many employees suffer injuries and often it is due to the absence of PPE or failure to wear the provided PPE.
  • It is designed to help protect employees from workplace hazards. PPE includes items such as hard hats, safety glasses, face shields, hearing protection, respiratory protection, gloves, and safety footwear.

PPE

Introduction Continued

  • 2 million people are expected to be injured this year while on the job.
  • More than ¼ of these injuries will involve the head, eyes, hands, and feet.

Introduction Continued

Video

Head Protection

Hard hats are designed to protect workers from impacts of falling, flying objects, bumps to your head and from limited electrical shock.

Head Protection

Head Protection

Rules

  • Hard hats must be worn with brim to the front.
  • Never alter or modify shell or suspension system.
  • Don’t paint your hard hat.
  • Only CMC approved decals can be worn.

Head Protection

  • Inspect frequently and replace suspension or shell immediately at first sign of wear or damage.
  • Clean only with mild soap and warm water. NO solvents.

Cleaning

How Much Protection is the Gear Providing?

Images

Eye Protection

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) reports that roughly 2,000 workers suffer an occupational eye injury every day, but 90 percent of these injuries can be avoided simply by wearing correct safety eyewear.

Eye Protection

Does Your PPE Work?

Safety Glasses

  • Safety glasses are used for normal operations (3M Fit tested).
  • If you wear prescription glasses, you will be issued OTG (over the glass) until your prescription safety glasses come in.

Safety Glasses

Non-Prescription VS Prescription

Non-prescription

  • Fit testing includes 12 styles
  • Replacement as needed

Prescription

  • Fit testing by Optometrist includes 9 styles
  • Valid prescription
  • Approved providers
  • Replacement is annually

Cleaning

  • Clean with liquid soap and water. Do not use any detergent with gritty compound.
  • Do not use any cleaners containing alcohol.
  • Wipe with clean soft cloth.
  • Replace glasses when broken, damaged or severely scratched.

Cleaning

Goggles

Goggles protect more of the eye from a splash.

  • May be required if working around chemicals or acids.

Goggles

Face Shields

  • Welding/Torch cutting face shields are designed to protect your eyes from debris as well as UV and IR light.
  • Will also protect your face from popping molten metal and flashes.
  • To be used in conjunction with safety glasses.

Flying Debris

Does it Work?

Protective Clothing

Protective Clothing

  • Long sleeves and long pants are required on site.
  • All clothing items must be natural fibers (cotton, wool, etc.)
  • Supplied uniforms are fire resistant and must be properly laundered to maintain protection.
  • Additional body protection (aluminized clothing, Quantum jackets) may be necessary for certain jobs

Arm Protection

Arm guards may be necessary when working around sharp materials.

Types of arm guard include…

  • HexArmor
  • Kevlar

Arm Protection

Hand Protection

  • Even with increased safety awareness, hand injuries continue to be common in the workplace. We all tend to take our hands for granted.
  • Have you ever considered what life would be like if you did not have full use of your hands?

Graphic Image

Serious Hand Injury

Hot Metal Injury

How to Protect Your Hands

When it comes to the job tasks you complete every day, you need to understand what it takes to protect your hands.

  • Gloves are to be worn any time you are handling material or doing work with your hands.
  • Replace gloves when they are worn out.
  • Most incidents involving your hands could have been prevented if gloves were worn.

Video 1

Stop and Think

  • In reducing hand injuries, every worker must stop and think about safe hand placement prior to completing every task.
  • Your hands are your most valuable tool and are not worth risking.

Stop and Think

Video 2

Foot Protection

Safety-toed boots with internal or external metatarsal protection are required here.

  • They are designed to protect the 26 bones in your foot.

Types of Injuries

Types of injuries include:

  • Compression- Squeezed between two objects or rolled over
  • Puncture- Sharp objects breaks through sole or side of boot
  • Slipping- Oil, water or chemicals on the surface
  • Electricity- Hazards in jobs where workers are exposed to electricity

Review

Minimum PPE required at CMC Steel: Hardhat, safety glasses with side shields, fire retardant long sleeve/long paints/coveralls (uniform), gloves, safety toe boots with metatarsal protection.

Some of the additional PPE items that may be needed for specific jobs: Aluminized clothing, face shield, goggles, welding shield

A major contributing factor in workplace injuries: Failure to wear Personal Protective Equipment

Review

Questions?

Respiratory Protection

  • Respirators shall be provided when necessary to protect a worker’s health from breathable hazards.
  • It should be used as a last choice and not first choice!

Respiratory Protection

What are the Hazards?

  • There are two main types of respiratory hazard classes.
  • Airborne contaminants (particulate, mists, vapor, fumes, or gas)
  • Oxygen-deficient atmospheres
  • Find out what contaminants are in the air.
  • Test the air to find out what exposures are.

What are the Hazards?

Video

Air Contaminant Exposure

If Results Show an Overexposure

Respirators for Voluntary Use

Voluntary Use

  • If the hazard is not sufficient to require respiratory protection, you may still choose to wear it for their own comfort. This includes all filtering facepiece respirators or dust masks.
  • Review Appendix D and sign it.

Basic Types of Respirators

Air-Purifying or Filtering Facepiece

  • They can be both tight-fitting or loose-fitting.
  • These respirators simply remove airborne contaminants from breathing air.
  • They do not supply oxygen.
  • Make communication difficult

Air-Purifying

Dust Mask

(Filtering Facepiece)

  • Filter removes particulate (dust).
  • Filter is integral part of mask.
  • Entire mask is composed of filter material.
  • Hazard protection is limited.

Filtering Facepiece

Half-Face APR

  • Maximum APF of 10.
  • No protection for face or eyes.
  • Sight is not impaired.
  • It is not as heavy as full face respirator.

Half-Face APR

Full-Face APR

  • Maximum APF of 50.
  • Protects eyes and face.
  • It is difficult to see when facepiece fogs up.
  • It does requires lens correction.

Full-Face APR

Prohibited Uses of APR and PAPR

Prohibited Uses

Do not use when:

  • In an IDLH atmosphere including oxygen deficient.
  • There are unknown airborne contaminants.
  • Contaminants with poorly understood exposure limits or other warnings exist.
  • Contaminant concentrations exceed maximum use concentrations.

Supplied Air Respirators

  • SARs deliver safe breathing air from an outside source.
  • Supplied air can be from an individual tank or continuously from a compressor.

Air-Supplying

Complete Questionare Before Fit Testing

  • Medical evaluations are required for anyone wearing a respirator.
  • All medical evaluations are confidential.
  • Results are used to determine a user’s fitness to wear a respirator.

Medical Evaluation

Importance of Correct Fit

Fitting Your Respirator

Respirators will not work if they do not fit!

A small gap between respirator and your face can let contaminants in.

Respirators should be comfortable, even if they are awkward.

A proper fit includes:

  • Being secure but not too tight.
  • No slipping.
  • Allowing head movement and speech.

What is "Fit"?

  • “Fit” of a respirator face piece to ensure a good seal is extremely important.
  • It ensures no contaminants leak into face piece.
  • It is important that each face piece is tested by potential user.

What is "Fit"?

Initial Fit Test

Users must be “fit tested” before initial respirator use and then YEARLY thereafter.

There are 2 types of tests.

  • Qualitative (user determines smell of testing agent being used).
  • Quantitative (instruments detect agent)

No beards allowed.

Initial Fit Test

Inspection and Use

Cleaning, Maintenacne, and Storage

Store Properly

  • Protect equipment from damage, sunlight, or contamination.
  • Store in a clean, dry location.
  • Do not allow face piece to be distorted.

Store Properly

Don't store like this!

Questions?

Introduction

  • Every year, hearing loss for many workers in our industry is all too real.
  • Hearing loss occurs gradually over a long period of time and usually you do not know it is occurring until it is too late.
  • Therefore, you need to learn to protect your hearing today so you can enjoy it tomorrow.

Hearing Conservation

The Effects of Noise on Hearing

Introduction

Why Hearing Conservation?

  • Hearing loss is gradual/painless!
  • Quality of life.
  • It’s the “LAW”.

Why?

What is "Excessive" Noise?

What is Noise?

Noise is unwanted sound.

OSHA considers workplace noise to be “excessive” if employees are exposed to noise levels of 85 decibels or higher over an 8 hour period.

What then does OSHA require…

  • Employers to take protective measures by reducing noise where possible.
  • Workers to receive training in hearing conservation and repeated at least annually.
  • Workers to receive baseline and annual hearing tests.

What Factors Influence Hearing Loss

  • Frequency – How often workers exposed
  • Intensity – How loud
  • Duration – How long
  • Individual Variability – Person’s resistance

Degree of Risk

How Loud is Loud?

  • Jet engine 140 db
  • Threshold of pain 125 db
  • Pneumatic hammer 110 db
  • Compressed air 105 db
  • Punch press 95 db
  • Lawn mower 90 db
  • Talking 65 db

How Loud is Loud?

Noise Monitoring

Noise Monitering

Required by OSHA standard to identify all noise at or above 85 dBA.

Monitoring must be performed when…

  • Production is increased.
  • Equipment added that could increase noise levels.

Controlled Noise Exposure

Use of Hearing Protection

  • Hearing protectors must be provided if noise level is at 85 dB or above.
  • Hearing protectors are required when our plant is in operation or during operation of machinery.
  • Hearing protectors must reduce noise to at least 80 dB– if they do not, you may need to wear two kinds at once (such as ear plugs and ear muffs).

Is This a Proper Fit?

Right Type of Hearing Protection

There are 3 basic types of hearing protectors to reduce noise and protect your hearing:

  • Canal caps—soft pads on a headband (not authorized)
  • Ear plugs—they seal the ear canal.
  • Ear muffs—ear cups and provide best protection.

Hearing protection is very effective but only if they fit and are worn correctly.

One on one instruction on the proper use of hearing protectors is a consistent predictor of a good fit.

Advantages/Disadvantages

Canal Blockers/Ear Pods – Only cover opening of ear canal.

Advantages/Disadvantages

Advantages/Disadvantages

More

Ear Plugs – Can be difficult to insert & annoying to wear.

Ear Muffs – Good overall protection.

Which Worker?

Questions?

Emergency Planning

  • You should understand that an emergency can happen at any time without warning.
  • Everyone should know the basic procedures to follow when an emergency happens, and should understand that each has an important role to play in preventing an emergency from becoming a disaster.

What are some types of emergencies that must be planned for?

Emergency Action Plan

Emergency action plans should cover those emergencies that are reasonably expected to occur:

  • Fires
  • Injury Events
  • Chemical Spills
  • Severe Weather (Tornado/Hurricanes)
  • Any other situation unique to your area (Neighbors).

The plan should also cover plant evacuation procedures and practices at least annually.

Fires

There is a long and tragic history of workplace fires in this country caused by problems with fire exits and extinguishing systems.

Fires

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Plant

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Plant Conditions

Conditions

  • At approximately 4:45PM, on Saturday, March 25th 1911, everyone was preparing to leave.
  • Building was considered “fireproof” at time of inspection.
  • Cotton blouses are hung from wires stretched above from one end of the plant to the other; scrap material had been allowed to accumulate.
  • Work stations packed together.
  • Fire exit doors were locked during business hours.
  • Thought to have been started by a cigarette butt
  • Fire only lasted 30 minutes

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Response

Response

  • Water hoses only reached the 7th floor.
  • Fire department’s ladders only reached the 7th floor.
  • The factory was on the 8th, 9th, and 10th floors of the building.
  • Only 2 fire escapes were available. One was locked, the other opened inward. A 3rd single cast iron fire escape that did not reach the ground became overloaded and collapsed.
  • Many doors opened into the workspace, making them nearly impossible to open under the crush of the crowd.
  • Some employees, including the owners, escaped by going to the roof and crossing to another building.

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Aftermath

Aftermath

  • 500 workers were inside at the time of the fire and 146 workers were killed.
  • Public was outraged and 120,000 people turned out for the funeral march.
  • It led to some of the nation’s strongest changes in worker safety in the manufacturing industry.

Image

If There is a Fire...

  • Activate our Alert System using air horns, radios, & word of mouth.
  • If you see a fire, use radios to communicate it.
  • If a fire is too big, you may need to use Alert System.
  • Make sure you notify everyone by knocking on doors and shouting “Fire” as you leave the building.

Injury Events

Chemical Spills

Avondale Mills Train Wreck

  • On January 6, 2005 in a small mill town of Graniteville, SC, a 45-car Norfolk Southern train was heading on the main track.
  • The train entered a side spur colliding head-on with a stationary train because a previous train crew forgot to close the switch.
  • The collision, which took place at 2:45 AM, caused 14 railroad cars to derail upon impact, four of which were tankard cars filled with chlorine gas.
  • One chlorine car ruptured spilling over 11,000 gallons.

Image

Avondale Mills Train Wreck Response

Response

  • Workers were unprepared for this emergency and did not know how to respond or where to go.
  • Roughly 5 minutes after collision, chlorine gas got increasingly worse inside mill and workers started a very disorganized evacuation.
  • Workers were piling into pickup trucks, cars, or whatever means they could find and driving away from the plant.
  • Some even fled on foot into a nearby wooded area.

Avondale Mills Train Wreck Aftermath

  • Six Avondale Mills employees died and one truck driver that was asleep in the parking lot.
  • Many of them were supervisors that kept running back into the building looking for co-workers until they were eventually overcome by the chlorine.

Aftermath

Emergency Exit Routes

Exit routes are continuous and unobstructed paths of exit travel from any point within a workplace to a place of safety.

It consists of three parts:

  • Exit access
  • Exit
  • Exit discharge

Emergency Exit Routes

Image

Exit Marking

  • Exit routes must be well marked an well lit.
  • Exit signs must be clearly visible and can never be obstructed or concealed.
  • Exit routes must have lights that provide illumination even in a power outage and must be inspected regularly

Exit Marking

Not an Exit

Any doorway or passageway that might be mistaken for an exit must be marked “Not An Exit” or have a sign that shows its actual use.

Not an Exit

Locking Exits

  • Exit doors must be unlocked.
  • Employees must be able to unlock exit doors without keys, tools, or special knowledge.
  • Panic bars are permitted on exit discharge doors.
  • Exit routes can not lead through a room that may be locked.

Exit Discharge

Tornados

Warning vs. Watch

  • A tornado watch means that conditions are right for a tornado.
  • A tornado WARNING means that a tornado has been sighted within a 25-mile area. You only get 3-15 minutes advanced notice.

Immediatly seek shelter in a room or corridor in the innermost part of a building when a WARNING is issued.

Map

Questions?

Fire Triangle

Fires = Oxygen + Heat + Fuel

Remove any one of these and there is no fire (or it goes out).

Basic fire prevention is to separate fuel and ignition sources.

Fire Extinguishers

General Requirements

  • Not all fire extinguishers are the same.
  • Use the proper class of extinguisher only on fires it was designed to extinguish.
  • Know where fire extinguishers are located.
  • Number #1 goal = SAFETY! Only attempt to extinguish small fires!
  • Never put a used fire extinguisher back in place. Have it recharged.

General Requirements

More

  • Fire extinguishers must be easily accessible at all times!
  • Must not be obstructed by boxes, chairs, or other miscellaneous items.
  • Should not be placed on the ground.
  • Should be mounted in such a that they cannot easily fall and injure someone.

Classes of Fire Extinguishers

Classes

Proper Use

Remember PASS

  • Pull the pin
  • Aim for the base of the fire
  • Squeeze the handle
  • Sweep from side to side

Image

Questions?

Definition of an Incident

It is an uncontrolled or unplanned release of energy that causes or contributes to injury, illness, death and/or property damage to equipment or materials.

Proactive Safety

All incidents have a cause and effect

Near Misses

  • First, it is an incident that is just barely avoided.
  • Did it directly affect you, someone else or property?
  • Be as specific as possible.
  • Near Misses can be submitted anonymously if you choose.

How Do I Report?

ORO's

  • It is a report of a person’s actions or inactions (safe or unsafe).
  • Did you see someone doing something good or bad?
  • Be as specific as possible.
  • Be sure to talk to the person and let them know what you observed or they may not learn until its too late!

ORO

Physical Hazards

  • Did you fix something that was a safety hazard?
  • Did you identify something that is a safety hazard that you can’t fix yourself??
  • Be as specific as possible.

Physical Hazard

Take 2

  • Safety concept designed to be used before, during, and after a task.
  • Our opportunity to:
  • Discuss task
  • Insure good communication
  • Identify and remove hazards

Take 2

Example 1

Examples

I was walking in the shop and noticed a piece of rebar laying on the floor that could be tripped on. (No one is around the item and you picked it up of the floor.

  • What is this?

Example 2

I was walking in the shop and saw (someone) leave a gas can out on the floor.

  • What is this?

Example 3

I noticed a guarding missing on a piece of machinery or equipment.

  • What is this?

Program Requirements

Complete monthly training - 95% of available employees

Participate in the safety card program - 100% of available employees

Less than 6 property damages

Score 80% on locker room daily inspection

Score 80% on monthly housekeeping audit

No recordable injuries

Proactive Safety Program

Questions?

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