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Music of Sub-Saharan Africa

By Angelica Gutierrez, Timal Brooks, Karla Hernandez, and Nicole Jenkins

Music of Sub-Saharan Africa

TITLE

By Angelica Gutierrez, Timal Brooks, Karla Hernandez, and Nicole Jenkins

Sub-Saharan Africa

History

- The countries identified as Sub Saharan Africa are all countries excluding Algeria, Djibouti, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Somalia, Sudan and Tunisia.

- This presentation will focus on music from different regions of Africa and follow the timeline to curent African music.

-Most of the music in Africa derived from spiritual experience

-In Sub-Saharan Africa, the instruments that can be used have complex melodic and rhythm patterns.

-A full performance would usually include voice, instruments, and dance.

- Polyrhythm is a distinct characteristic of traditional and contemporary music

-Melodies are on a penatonic five-tone scale

Archeological Music

Early Forms of Music

Early African music was archeological. This particular painting represented a dance performance in Africa.

Traditional Instruments

Traditional Instruments

Traditional Instruments

Traditional Instruments

Gankogui

Gyil

Mbira

Musical Bow

  • played by the Ewe people of Ghana
  • Sacred and secular uses
  • Used as the basic skeleton in music from Togo, Ghana, and Benin
  • National instrument ofLobi and Degara people of Burkina Faso, Ghana and Ivory Coast
  • Has 14 wooden slats
  • Primarily played by men
  • Kyogil used at funerals and Borgyil used at festivals
  • 22-28 keys contructed of metal
  • Keys are built from metal and attached to a hardwood soundboard with 2 registars on the left and 1 on the right
  • Mbira Dzavadzimu meaning "voice of the ancestors"
  • Used in West Africa specifically used by the Mali and the Mande people
  • Traditionally built with 21 strings - 11 for the left hand, and 10 played by the right
  • Played upright with strings facing player

Important Performers

Performers

Artist

  • “Youssou Ndour” is an important African singer from Senegal who made the rolling stones magazine in 2004. He helped make the mbalax popular which, is a dance for sacred music in Gambia and Senegal. He started making music in the 1970’s and is still making music.
  • "Manu Dibango" is a popular singer and musician from Cameroon. He is mostly known for his song in 1972 “Soul Makossa”. The type of music he plays is blues, reggae, soul, spirituals, and electro to soul.
  • "Mariam Makeba" is a singer and song writer from south Africa. She was also an actress, a Nations goodwill ambassador, and civil rights activist. She created a global hit 1967 for a son she created in 1957 with Dorothy Masuka called “Pata Pata”.

PICTURES

Involvement with religion and dance

The Sub-Saharan music started with music being created to worship in people’s religions. People wanted to express themselves and made dances which, is a form of art expression. People had believed that when they dance and sing that the gods would react to their performance. This means that the music that was created was taken very seriously. According to an article from the Encyclopedia, “Thus the bull-roarer (or thunder stick) is used in some societies to represent the voice of the ancestor (for example, among the Dogon of Mali) or the voice of a god (such as Oro of the Yoruba of Nigeria).” These instruments are examples of Sub-Saharan African people who associated the instruments with spiritual beings.

Sub-Saharan

Zulu Dancers

Picture

Sub-Saharan Music Performance

Video Performance

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