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- Good people can act in non-environmental ways because certain ethical theories do not equate moral goodness to sustainability.
1. How and why is the environment valuable?
2. What makes an action 'right' or 'wrong'?
Traditional Anthropocentrism:
Prudential anthropocentrism:
Cynical anthropocentrism:
Instrumental value - Important as a means to create more valuable goods.
Foundational value - Important as an end in itself.
We need to protect the environment because . . .
- Consequentialist theories are more concerned about the 'disvalue'/'value' of certain acts.
- Disvalue = wrong
- Valuable = right
Utilitarians believe:
- Pleasure is the only fundamentally good value. (Pleasure = Value)
- Pain is the only fundamentally bad value. (Pain = Disvalue)
Points to consider:
Because utilitarian theories aims to maximum pleasure for all sentient beings over pain . . . a utilitarian is not necessarily an environmentalist.
Deontologists believe:
Key points to consider:
- *Also beneficence to present vs future society.
Ethical theory developed by Paul Taylor in 1981.