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Holocaust Timeline Project

1933

Profiles

Profiles-1933

Carl Von Ossietzky

  • Male
  • Arrested for his political views and relationships
  • 1933
  • He was 44 when he was arrested and he died at the age of 49
  • 1933 is in bold because it was the year that Carl had been arrested

Carl Gartig

  • Carl Gartig
  • Male
  • Arrested for alliance with German Communist Party
  • 1933
  • 1933 is in bold because it was the year that Carl had been arrested for distributing anti-Nazi material.

Laws And Degrees 1933

Laws and Degrees

FEBRUARY 28, 1933

REICHSTAG FIRE DECREE

REICHSTAG FIRE DECREE

  • This decree targets civilians and prevents them from speaking out and contest the government
  • This makes takes away civilians power to overthrow the government or do anything to it which makes the government do whatever it wants

MARCH 23, 1933

ENABLING ACT

ENABLING ACT

  • This law is targeted toward Hitler and allows him to freely sign legistation
  • This give the Hitler power to do whatever he wanted and made Hitler the dictator of Germany

APRIL 7, 1933

CIVIL SERVICE LAW

  • This was targeted toward Jews and political opponents of the Nazis
  • The Civil Service Law made it so that many people were unable to work certain jobs

CIVIL SERVICE LAW

APRIL 7, 1933

EDUCATION LAW

EDUCATION LAW

  • This was targeted toward students, primarily Jews, being that Jews could only be part of 5% of public schools and students were taught the racial ideas from the Nazis, with Aryans being superior and Jew being inferior
  • Students were now taught the beliefs of the Nazis and eventually many may even join the Nazis and the Army

JULY 14, 1933

STERILIZATION LAW

STERILIZATION LAW

  • This targeted people with both physical and mental disabilities, being that this law allows the government to make it so that people with disabilities are unable to reproduce
  • This lowers the population of many and makes many people lives’ a burden just because they have a disability

1934

HITLER BECOMES FÜHRER

HITLER BECOMES FÜHRER

• On this day, German President Paul

von Hindenburg died, aged 86.

• With the support of the German

military, Hitler became the new

president of Germany, in addition to

being chancellor.

• On August 19, Hitler abolished the

office of the president and announced

that he was the Führer, or supreme

leader of Germany.

• There were no limits or restraints on

Hitler’s authority. Germany became a

complete dictatorship.

1935

Mandatory Military

Mandatory Military Service

The German government enacted

a conscription law, which applied

to all men between 18 and 45.

• After May 1935, drafted soldiers

had to show evidence that they were

“Aryan.” Jews were forbidden to

serve, and Jehovah’s Witnesses

refused to join the military.

• Hitler also officially announced that

Germany would begin rebuilding its

military (which it was already

secretly doing). This was a violation

of the Treaty of Versailles, which

had limited the size of Germany’s

military after World War I.

Nuremburg Laws

• The Reich Minister of the Interior,

Wilhelm Frick, announced an expansion

of the September 15, 1935 Reich

Citizenship Law.

• Frick stated that the citizenship law also

applied to Roma and Sinti (so-called

“gypsies”) and to Afro-Germans.

• Roma, Sinti, and Afro-Germans lost their

citizenship and were not permitted to

marry “Aryan” Germans.

• This racial identity card identifies Konrad

Lehman as a Zigeuner (Gypsy).

NUREMBERG LAWS EXTENDED

Paragraph 175

REVISION OF PARAGRAPH 175

• The German government revised an

existing law that already outlawed

male homosexuality.

• The revision expanded what

activities qualified as sexual contact

and increased the punishments for

those acts.

• Gay men were persecuted because

they were seen as corrupting

“German values” and not adding to

the population. Because lesbians

could still have biological children,

they were usually not targeted.

Citizenship

REICH CITIZENSHIP LAW

• This law defined who the German

government considered “German”

and who was a “Jew.”

• The law defined Jews as a race

identified by blood and genealogy.

It did not identify Judaism as a

religion or culture.

• Under this law, Jews lost their

citizenship and became “subjects

of the state.”

• This law and the “Law for the

Protection of German Blood and

German Honor” are called the

“Nuremberg Race Laws.”

Blood and Honor

• The German government

banned the marriage between

Jews and non-Jews.

• It also made sexual relations

between these “mixed race”

couples illegal. This crime was

called Rassenschande [race

defilement].

• This law and the “Reich

Citizenship Law” are called

the “Nuremberg Race Laws.”

LAW FOR THE PROTECTION OF

GERMAN BLOOD AND HONOR

Races

• The German government issued the “First

Regulation” to the September 15, 1935 Reich

Citizenship Law.

• The regulation clarified that Germans who were

descended from one or two Jewish grandparents

would be considered Mischling (mixed race).

Those who had three or more Jewish

grandparents were classified as Jews.

• Mischling were still permitted to vote and hold

civil service jobs.

• German Jews who served in World War I lost

their exemption from the April 7, 1933 law.

They had to retire from civil service jobs by the

end of the year.

RACIAL DEFINITIONS EXPLAINED

Jehova's Witness

Jehova's Witness Banned

• The German government banned the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society, a Jehovah’s Witness publishing house. Local laws had already banned the Jehovah’s Witness organization entirely. Many Witnesses violated laws against practicing their religion and distributing religious literature.

• Jehovah’s Witnesses also refused to swear allegiance to Hitler or Nazi Germany or to serve in the military.

• Witnesses faced persecution and arrest. To be released from imprisonment, they could sign a form like this one, swearing allegiance to Nazi Germany. Few did so.

Topic 4

1936

Nothing significant occured.

1937

1938

1939

1940

1941

1942

1943

1944

1945

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