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The Evolution of Philippine Popular Culture

1960's - mass

communications

research

1

1960"s

Factors that influenced mass comm:

Factors

-the recognition of mass communication as a vital, current field of endeavor and inquiry

- the sending of scholars abroad and their return with questions about Philippine situation

Factors

- the establishment of the U.P. Institute of Mass Communication and of mass communication programs in other schools

-the government interest in the relation of mass communication to development

Mid 70's

Scholars examined some modes of fiction in different media : film, television, radio, and comics

2

1970.'s

Literary concern

A cultural critic concern on:

Person/Effect/Purpose

Cultural Values

Manner

How well was the transmission being done?

What cultural values were transmitted?

To whom? with what effect? and to what purpose?

Major areas of Philippine Popular Culture

3

Komiks - created for a popular by artists whose minds tuned to the public dream.

KOMIKS

What makes the komiks popular?

Its content:

-the dreams

-the hopes

-the values

- the vision of life

-the escape from reality

-the problems and their solution

-the total world view

Content

Examples

Komiks "of the people"

Films

4

FILMS

Timeline of film industry

Cinematografo - first films shown in short features

1909 - First two locally made feature films - life of Jose Rizal (produced by Yearsly and

Gross(Americans)

1919 - First full-length feature film - Dalagang Bukid ( Jose Nepomuceno )

1924 - There were 214 movie houses in the Phils.

1932 - The first taking film - Ang Aswang (Musser)

1939 - Philippine movie industry is fifth in the world

Today - Proliferation of small independent producers

"Bakya" as a mark of class distinction rather than taste

- the film has vocabulary not known to the general audience.

- defects of the film because it is derived from a folk drama

"Bakya"

Scholars who are concerned with film history

Nicanor Tiongson

"From Stage to Screen" - examines folk

drama as a source for the Filipino film

"Four Values in Filipino Drama and

Film" - studies colonial values

expressed in both media

Bienvenido Lumbera - heroes and

heroines in Philippine film are derived

from Philippine Literature

ex: Kristo, Hudas, Laura, Aladin, Ibarra,

Maria Clara, Sisa

Film History Scholars

1922 - a three 50-watt stations organized by Henry Hermann were given temporary permit to operate in Manila and Pasay

5

Uses:

- for demonstration

- provided music

- to advertise merchandise

RADIO

Timeline of Radio operation in the Philippines

Timeline of Philippine Radio

1930's - radio gained as much glamor as the movies for news ( popular radio programs

like "Sunrise Club" and "Listerine Amateur Hour")

1940's - closure of all radio stations during the Japanese occupation

1945 (end of occupation) - became the real birth of Philippine radio

1950 - started on-the-spot news coverage by Bob Stewart (DZBB)

1950 - transistor revolution (Pres, Garcia donated radio monitors to the barrios "to

combat subversive elements in the rural areas"

1961 - the largest broadcasting was formed, the Bolinao Electronics Corporation

then named Alto Broadcasting Network, and finally became Kanlaon

Broadcasting System

1969 - 62% of the total population (6, 347,000) households had radio sets

Pop culture thru radio

Popular culture conveyed by radio:

1. popular music

2. soap opera

"Ilaw ng Tahanan" and "Gulong ng Palad" - longest running shows

6

MAGAZINES

Popular Magazines

1905 - The Philippine Magazine (not popular because it

is written in English)

1923 - Liwayway (became popular)

1941 - Liwayway had a circulation of 89,000 (Bisaya,

Bannawag, Bicolnon)

1972 - Philippine Free Press ( popular for it was printed

on cheap newsprint and majority English

speaking public read it.

Popular Music

Kundimans, zarsuelas, love songs, street songs, and children's songs - some were recorded but not used on stage or in public gatherings

7

MUSIC

Artists and their music

Pop Music

Rolando Tinio - translated an album of American songs into Pilipino for Celeste Legaspi ( and the trend was on)

Hot Dog - "Pers Lab" Taglish and in melodious beat

Pinoy Pop had arrived with song compositions and competitions(organized by Metro Manila Pop Song Festival)

Radio stations were required to play at least 3 Pilipino songs every hour.

Freddie Aguilar - composed "Anak" said to have a folk beat and went international

Joey "Pepe" Smith(Juan dela Cruz band) - started Pinoy rock which sound is Western rock but the lyrics were in Pilipino("our own music"

*There are music critics who devoted serious study to popular Filipino music and disseminate their study through lectures and articles. (Felipe de Leon, Jr., Anna Leah de Leon)

The Challenges in Philippine Pop Culture

8

PHILIPPINE POP CULTURE

Research that should be focused on

-Definition of popular culture

- Review of Literature

- Identification of Issues

-Identification of the "public"

-Definition of popular writer

-Identification of purpose

- Deepening of inquiry in other

fields already explored

-Identification of other fields of

inquiry

Reference

Reference:

Fernandez, D. (1981). Philippine Popular Culture: Dimensions and Directions the Field of

Research in Philippine Popular Culture. Retrieved on August 24, 2021 from https://www.jstor.org/stable/42632570?read-now=1&seq=16#page_scan_tab_contents

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