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Homo erectus walked upright had had an increased brain size. They were no longer using or having tree climbing adaptation. This was 1.5 million years ago.
Adaptations and developmental changes of Australopithecus afarensis (Lucy) showed us that ancient humans had bigger brains and were up walking around. She was the most complete remains we had found from that long ago. We learned a lot from her. This was 3.2 million years ago.
Homo neanderthalensis were closest to us in relation before they went extinct. They had a large face and were short and stocky. They lived about 400,000-40,000 years ago before going extinct. They had tools and fire and were able to live in cold places. We know what we do about them because of their bones being found and where they wer found. Scientists studied them.
The cultural impact of evolution was shown in how humans developed. They went from early primates to much more more sophisticated Homo sapiens. They had tools and fire over time and changes happened in how they walked and looked.
The brain size of our ancestors grew and expanded. Homo habilis had a large brain. Brains developed as humans faced more challenges. This was 2 million years ago about. Endocasts of the brain case size helped us learn about brain size. 800,000-200,000 years ago brain sizes increased more and got bigger. This happened at a time of climate change.
Tools were created and used. This and cultural changes among Homo neanderthalensis and others showed how they became more sophisticated.
Evolution was shown in how humans developed. They went from early primates to much more more sophisticated Homo sapiens over a long time.
Australopithecus afarensis (Lucy)
Lucy lived 3.5 million years ago. Lucy showed that human ancestors were walking a long time before the earliest stone tools were made or human brains got bigg
Chimpanzees and Gorillas were interesting in studying ancient humans. We evolved from ancient ones (primates) but not the ones from today.
homo habilis was known for useing tools and being able to make sophisticated tools to help them servive.
Homo sapiens evolved around 300,000 years ago. THey are still around. They hunted and gathered. They learned skills for living in different and changing climates and environments. Modern humans are homo sapiens. Modern humans have big brains but not a lot of hair compared to ancient human species.
adaptations to hair. Ancient humans lost their furry hair because hot climates required that they neded to get cool. Their persperiation can evaporate better with less hair.
But less hairy humans meant that their skin was sensitive to bright sun. The bodies added melanin or pigment to darken skin which protected them better. This was an adaptation. This happened around 1.2 to 1.8 million years ago. Other changes happened to skin color as well depending on the climate.
Ancient humans were using fire about 800,000 years ago. We found fire hearth remains in places. It helped them to use heat and cook.
Ancient humans used tools 2.6 million years ago about. Things like stone flakes and cores made of stone were used We found old tools from this time. This helped them hammer things and helped with meat preparation.