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Unit 4: Topic 4.3: Columbian Exchange Project
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Sugar in the Columbian Exchange
By: Zoe V and Amely E
Columbian Exchange
The Columbian Exchange
Causes
- Europeans' expansion and voyages in attempts to expand their territory and find new products.
- Columbus's voyages to America
Consequences
New World
Western Hemisphere
- Diseases were brought to the Western Hemisphere from the East, and people in the West had not yet been able to develop an immunity to diseases such as smallpox and malaria. This is why most of the population from there died.
- Enslaved people were brought to the Americas to work.
- Products like onions, sugarcane, coffee, peaches, citrus fruits, and livestock such as cows, horses, and pigs were introduced to the Western Hemisphere. These products are now commonly used and are part of many typical dishes in America.
Old World
Eastern Hemisphere
- Products like pumpkin, tobacco, pineaple, cacao, tomato, potatoes, and corn were brought.
- Since then, these products are commonly consumed in Europe and are part of the ingredients of many typical dishes.
Papua New Guinea
-The Beginnings-
The Beginings
- Believed to be originated In Papua New Guinea.
- South East Asia
- Sugar originated here around 8000 BCE
India
- Crystallized sugar first originated in India.
- During the Gupta dynasty
- Crystallized sugar began being created here around 350 CE
India
China
- China developed its first sugarcane production techniques around 640 CE
- Buddhist monks brought sugar to China.
China
Persia
- Sugar got here around 600CE
- Nowadays Iran
Persia
Greece and Rome
- There were records of sugar being used in the Greek and Roman civilizations, but not as a food but as a medicine.
- Around 1842, the first sugar plant is founded in Greece.
Greece & Rome
Europe
Europe
- Between 800 and 900 CE
- Cultivated primarily in Sicily and Spain.
- Most benefitted area because of sugar trade.
- France and Britain: most benefitted, major income for sugar.
- A lot of the sugar was bougt and used'': high demand
- Sugar represented about 20% of all European imports
São Tomé
- Sugar reached São Tomé during the Columbian Exchange.
- Sugar got here around the year 1490
São Tomé
Brazil
- Sugar got here around the year 1490 by the Portuguese
- Many sugar plantations
- Need for more slaves to harvest the sugar --> more dangerous and harder labor.
Brazil
Caribbean
Caribbean
- Sugar reached Dominican Republic (Canary Islands at the time) with Columbus's voyages.
- Sugar reached herre around the year 1490
- It is said that the first sugar harvest in the New World happened in Haiti and Dominican Republic
Mexico
- Sugar got here in the early 16th century (1521)
- Spanish Settlers (Hernán Cortes)
Mexico
United States
- Sugar was first planted in New Oreleans in 1751.
- Sugar was grown on sugar plantations using slave labor.
United States
Canada
- The first sugar refinery in Canada got established in 1817 in Halifax.
- An important sugar refinery which recieved raw sugar cane shipments from the Caribbean was establised in 1854 in Québec, Canada.
Canada
Sources
Sources
Admin. (2022, December 13). The sugar series: The history of sugar. Czarnikow. Retrieved December 16, 2022, from https://www.czarnikow.com/blog/the-history-of-sugar
AP World Notes Unit 4: Columbian Exchange. Fiveable. (n.d.). Retrieved December 16, 2022, from https://library.fiveable.me/ap-world/unit-4/columbian-exchange/study-guide/gYhwS9yN9luYJZRLa41W
Citation generator. Citation Machine, a Chegg service. (n.d.). Retrieved December 16, 2022, from https://www.citationmachine.net/apa
Columbian Exchange. HISTORY CRUNCH - History Articles, Biographies, Infographics, Resources and More. (n.d.). Retrieved December 16, 2022, from https://www.historycrunch.com/columbian-exchange.html#/
Hancock, J. (2022, December 14). Sugar & the rise of the plantation system. World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved December 16, 2022, from https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1784/sugar--the-rise-of-the-plantation-system/#:~:text=Expansion%20of%20Sugar%20Production%20by%20the%20Portuguese%20%26%20Spanish&text=The%20Portuguese%20ultimately%20took%20control,Islands%20along%20the%20African%20coast.
Hancock, J. (2022, December 14). Sugar & the rise of the plantation system. World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved December 16, 2022, from https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1784/sugar--the-rise-of-the-plantation-system/#:~:text=Expansion%20of%20Sugar%20Production%20by%20the%20Portuguese%20%26%20Spanish&text=The%20Portuguese%20ultimately%20took%20control,Islands%20along%20the%20African%20coast.
The history of Sugar. alimentarium. (n.d.). Retrieved December 16, 2022, from https://www.alimentarium.org/en/fact-sheet/history-sugar
History of sugar. Global. (2020, April 7). Retrieved December 16, 2022, from https://makingsenseofsugar.com/all-about-sugar/history-of-sugar/
History of sugar. The Sugar Association. (n.d.). Retrieved December 16, 2022, from https://www.sugar.org/sugar/history/
History of sugarcane and columbian exchange - free essay example. PapersOwl.com. (2022, March 28). Retrieved December 16, 2022, from https://papersowl.com/examples/history-of-sugarcane-and-columbian-exchange/#:~:text=other%20Caribbean%20Islands.%20.-,After%20the%20Columbian%20Exchange%2C%20sugarcane%20became%20a%20large%20part%20of,Philippines%2C%20India%2C%20and%20Indonesia.
History of sugarcane and columbian exchange - free essay example. PapersOwl.com. (2022, March 28). Retrieved December 16, 2022, from https://papersowl.com/examples/history-of-sugarcane-and-columbian-exchange/#:~:text=The%20Sugar%20Association).-,Sugar%20boosted%20the%20European%20economy%20because%20so%20much%20was%20being,Europe%20more%20and%20more%20money.
History of the sugar industry in Canada. History of the Sugar Industry in Canada - The Canadian Sugar Institute. (n.d.). Retrieved December 16, 2022, from https://sugar.ca/international-trade/canadian-sugar-market/history-of-sugar#:~:text=In%201854%2C%20a%20refinery%20was,sugar%20shipments%20from%20the%20Caribbean.
Libretexts. (2022, July 10). 3.1: The impact of "Discovery"