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A
Ozone
Layer
C
3
Kurdistan Region _ Iraq
Ministry of higher Education and Scientific Research
Erbil Polytechnic University
College of Erbil Technical Health and Medical
Department of physiotherapy
First- Stage
First page
(Ozone layer)
Supervised by:
Mr.Awat Mohammed
Supervised by:
Nian Abdulsamad
Zina Khdr
Ruya Kazm
Abdulhadi Madhher
2022-2023
CONTENTS
about
Abstract………………………………………………………………..………1
Introduction………………………………………………………………….2
Ozone……………………………………………………………...……………3
Ozone Hole…………………………….………………………..……………4
Global warming………………….………………………….……………..5
Effects of ozone depletion…………….……………….……………..6
Effects on eyes……………………………….………………….………….6
Abstract
Abstract
amounts of ultraviolet radiation received at the surface of the earth and the effect of this on human health and on the environment . prospects remain uncertain .. About depletion of the ozone layer is the anticipated increase in the of ozone recovery .
Introdaction
Many of human activities are badly affecting the atmosphere . ozone depletion is one of those example . life is protected from UV rays by stratospheric ozone layer which acts as a shield or sun screen , approximately 90% ozone is present in troposphere at the height of 10 to 17 kilometer and is called ozone layer while remaining 10% is present in troposphere , medium frequency UV radiations 200nm to 315nm are absorbed 97 to 99% by the ozone layer.
ozone (O3) colourless just like oxygen (O2) but it has very harsh odour . it is very rare as compared to oxygen .
Ozone
2.ozone
Without ozone , life on earth would not have evolve in the way it has . the first stage of single cell organism development requires on oxygen-free environment . this type of environment existed on earth over 3000 million years ago . as the
primitive forms of plant life multiplied and evolved . they began to release minute amounts of oxygen through the photo synthesis reaction which converts carbon dioxide in to oxygen (1).
The buildup of oxygen in the atmosphere led to the formation of the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere or stratosphere . this layer filter out incoming radiation in the cell-damaging ultraviolet UV part of the spectrum .
thus with the development of the ozone layer came the formation of more advanced life form . ozone is a form of oxygen . the oxygen we breathe is in the form of oxygen molecules (O2) two atoms of oxygen bound together . normal oxygen which we breath is colourless and odourless . ozone, on the other hard , consists of three atoms of oxygen bound together (O3) most of the atmospheres ozone , occurs in the region called the stratosphere . ozone is colourless and has a very harsh odour . ozone is much less common than normal oxygen . out of 10 million air molecules . about 2million are normal oxygen but only 3 are ozone .most ozone is produced naturally in the upper atmosphere or stratosphere . while ozone can be found through the entire atmosphere (2
Ozone...
Ozone hole
Ozone hole
Ozone hole is created in the region where ozone layer has been depleted .the term ozone hole is applied when the depletion. level is below 200 dobson unit
(D.U) . ozone holes are first discovered in antarctica in 1970 few years ago ozone holes are also discovered in arctic region . since 2000 rate of ozone depletion is increasing 0.5 percent per year (3) due to depletion of ozone UV rays are penetrating in troposphere and leading to more ozone formation in troposphere which is causing injurious effects on our health as ozone is toxic for our body (4).
Ozone layer depletion
Depletion of ozone
Global warming
Global warming
Global warming also leads to ozone layer depletion . due to global warming and green house effect most of the heat is trapped in troposphere which is the layer below the stratosphere . as we all know ozone is present chin stratosphere so heat don’t reaches troposphere and it remain cold as recovery of ozone layer requires maximum sun light and heat so it leads to depletion of ozone layer (5).
5.Effects of ozone depletion
Effects...
Ozone depletion is affecting the human health and environment negatively ,as it allows the penetration of UV radiations to reach the earth . these radiations can cause severe diseases in humans such as skin cancer eye damage and genetic mutations etc.(9) further more the ozone depletion is affecting the aquatic life , biogeochemical cycles , air quality and also contributing in global warming but in this review paper our main focus is on the effects of ozone depletion on human health (5).
Effects on eyes
The major cause of blindness in this would is cataracts . there would be 0.3% -0.6% increase in risk of cataract if there will be 1% decrease in ozone level (7).eye lens can be damaged by oxidative agents oxidative oxygen produced by UV radiation can severely damage eye lens and cornea of eye is also badly damaged by UV radiation photokeratitis , cataract , blindness all are caused due to UV rays(8).
Effects on eyes
References
References
1.The Ozone Layer book
2.Naomi Klein This Changes Everything
3.The Australian Department of the Environment was a department of the Government of Australia that existed between September 2013 and July 2016.Wikipedia
https://www.dcceew.gov.au/environment/protection/ozone/publications/ozone-layer-factsheet
4.The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the US federal government responsible for the civil space program, aeronautics research, and space research.Wikipedia https://ozonewatch.gsfc.nasa.gov/facts/hole_SH.html
5.he Natural Resources Defense Council is a United States-based 501 non-profit international environmental advocacy group, with its headquarters in New York City and offices in Washington D.C., San Francisco, Los Angeles, Chicago, Bozeman, and Beijing.Wikipedia·
https://www.nrdc.org/stories/global-warming-101
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