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Black Codes and Jim Crow
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Reconstruction: Black Codes, Jim Crow, and the Origins of the Civil Rights Movement.
Get Ready:
Do you think racial prejudice is "human nature," or do you think it must be taught?
At the end of the Civil War, Congress passed the 13th Amendment, abolishing slavery except for punishment for a crime.
But white Southerners, who depended on the old plantation economy, still wanted control over the large, formerly-enslaved population.
Reconstruction
During the period of RECONSTRUCTION, men who had fought for the rebels, or supported them, were stripped of their vote.
Only freed Blacks and loyal white men had the right to vote, keeping the old Planter class, and their poor, white supremacist allies, out of the government.
Written Discussion: Choose a question and respond.
Professor Guelzo argues that two things should've done after the war.
1.) Impose a more imposing occupation on the South.
2.) Give freed Black people land.
Do you agree or disagree with these suggestions? Why or why not?
Or
Do you think this video has anything to do with CONTEMPORARY politics?
What conclusions about slavery and the cotton trade can be made from this graph?
The 13th Amendment expressly forbade "involuntary servitude," but the cotton-dependent Southern economy still required enormous amounts of cheap, manual labor. Even moderate politicians were concerned about long-term damage to a major American export.
They would begin to draft "Black Codes" to force formerly enslaved people back to into the fields.
The Old Order responds
The Ku Klux Klan, founded by Confederate veterans as a light-hearted social club, quickly became a terrorist group.
Their aim was to end Reconstruction.
They murdered Reconstruction government officers and terrorized Black communities with rape and murder to prevent them form voting.
Task #1: You will be given a Black Code to review. In your groups, draft at least TWO questions using the question stems provided.
Make sure someone is writing down the key points of your discussion.
Be prepared to share.
What conclusion can be drawn about the success of the "Black Codes?"
These methods largely preserved the cotton industry after the war.
Black Codes
The Black Codes created a system much like slavery, local governments forcing men and women back into their ANTEBELLUM arrangements.
One of these methods was the "Share-crop."
Read the introduction before we listen to "Penny's Farm.
In 1896, in Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court created a new term: "Separate But Equal"
This phrase would allow the South to become legally segregated, so long as the state could argue that separate facilities were equal.
The South quickly became separate, but almost never equal.
How did Segregation become legal in the United States?
Watch and answer
https://ny.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/bf09.socst.us.const.plessy/plessy-v-ferguson/#.WlJAVNWnG00
Jim Crow
"Etymology" is the study of the origins of words.
Etymology
The origin of the phrase "Jim Crow" has been attributed to "Jump Jim Crow", a song-and-dance CARICATURE of black people performed by white actor Thomas D. Rice in blackface.
As a result of Rice's fame, "Jim Crow" by 1838 had become an insulting expression for Black people. When southern legislatures passed laws of racial segregation directed against Black people at the end of the 19th century, these statutes became known as Jim Crow laws
Final Task
Read "Mississippi's Jim Crow Laws." In your groups, have a brief discussion about how these laws would affect the Black community.
When complete , create a VENN DIAGRAM, comparing and contrasting "Black Codes" and the "Jim Crow Laws."
When complete, answer in an ACE paragraph: What is the central purpose of these laws?
Sample Venn Diagram