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The Second Spanish Republic
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The Second Spanish Republic
About
Second Spanish Republic (1931-1939)
Provisional government
Provisional government (1931)
In January 1931 the dictator Primo de Rivera resigned because of the few support he had and serious health problems. The soft dictatorship is established, a government that is between the constitution prior to the dictatorship and the dictatorship.
February 12, 1931 King Alfonso XIII calls municipal elections for April 12, 1931.
April 12, 1931 municipal elections are held and the Republican bloc wins.
April 13, 1931 King Alfonso XIII goes into exile.
April 14, 1931 the Second Spanish Republic is proclaimed and a provisional government presided over by Niceto Alcalá-Zamora is created.
This provisional government makes some first reforms and calls general elections.
Reform Biennium (1931-1933)
On June 28, 1931, the general elections were held and the Republican Socialist group (PSOE) won, who appointed Manuel Azaña as president.
Thus begins the Reform Biennium where the most important reforms of the Second Republic will be made, which are:
- Constitution of 1931.
- Labour reform.
- Agrarian reform.
- Creation of the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia.
Reform Biennium (1931-1933)
Labour reform
- Salary increase
- Minimum salary
-Paid vacations
- Social Security
- Health insurance
Reforma laboral
Agrarian Reform
On September 9, 1932, the Agrarian Reform Law was approved. One of the most ambitious laws of the Second Spanish Republic. It was intended to solve a historical problem in southern Spain, the ownership of large tracts of land (latifundios) in the hands of a few, while the day laborers had to live in a very humble way. For this, most of the land was expropriated with compensation and lots of land were handed over to the day laborers who worked them.
Agrarian Reform
Statute of Catalonia
Constitution 1931
- Universal suffrage
- Freedom of association and organization
- Right of assembly and demonstration
-Freedom of expression
- Freedom of movement
- Non-denominational state
Conservative Biennium (1933-1936)
In January 1933, after several months with anarchist insurrections, partly due to discontent with the slow application of the Agrarian Reform Law, the Casas Viejas Massacre took place. After this event, Manuel Azaña resigned and again called general elections to be held in November 1933.
In October 1933 the Spanish Falange was created.
For the November elections, the center-right and the right unite to form the CEDA (Spanish Confederation of Autonomous Rights), which is pleasantly financed by the Church, due to its dissatisfaction with the Good Reform.
In the elections the center bloc and the CEDA remain very even, although the CEDA win the elections, Niceto Alcalá-Zamora (head of state) decides that the one who must form a government is the radical party, with Alejandro Lerroux at the head.
The CEDA supports the formation of the government since it wants to repeal many of the laws passed during the Reform Biennium.
Popular front
Popular front (1936)
In these elections there has been a high participation again, in addition the left appears in the form of a coalition as the Popular Front, which ends up winning the elections. The Spanish State is radicalized and the result of these elections is:
Popillary forehead: 46%
Center: 6%
CEDA: 41%
Manuel Azaña is proclaimed President of the Second Spanish Republic again.
Coup d'état and start of the Spanish Civil War
Coup d'état and start of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939)
With everything that has happened, the spirits are very heated and a coup d'état is proposed that at first does not pull forward because:
1. The army is not united.
2. You cannot count on the support of the Head of State.
3. The response of the radical Left would be violent.
But on July 13, 1936, Jose Calvo-Satelo (an important monarchical leader) was assassinated and everything that had been raised changed.
On July 18, 1936, the coup d'état took place that began the Spanish Civil War.
JULY 1936
November 1933
Coup d'etat and start of the Spanish Civil War
Conservative biennium (1933-1936)
- The CEDA wins the elections but Alejandor Lerroux of the radical party is proclaimed president
- In 1934 CEDA became part of the government.
- October 1934 the October Revolution is made
- 1935 CEDA takes more weight in the government
April 1931
January 1933
King Alfonso XIII calls municipal elections.
These municipal elections are won by the Republican parties.
King Alfonso XIII goes into exile.
- Anarchist insurrections
- Massacre of old houses
- Resignation of Manuel Azaña
- Call for elections
With everything that has happened, the spirits are very heated and a coup d'état is proposed that at first does not pull forward because:
1. The army is not united.
2. You cannot count on the support of the Head of State.
3. The response of the radical Left would be violent.
But on July 13, 1936, Jose Calvo-Satelo (an important monarchical leader) was assassinated and everything that had been raised changed.
On July 18, 1936, the coup d'état took place that began the Spanish Civil War.
Timeline
January 1931
Dictator Miguel Primo de Rivera resigns
Bienio Reformista (1931-1933)
On June 28, 1931, the general elections were held and the Republican Socialist group (PSOE) won, who appointed Manuel Azaña as president.
Thus begins the Reform Biennium where the most important reforms of the Second Republic will be made, which are:
- Constitution of 1931.
- Labour reform.
- Agrarian reform.
- Creation of the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia.
February 1936
POPULAR FRONT
Timeline
In these elections there has been a high participation again, in addition the left appears in the form of a coalition as the Popular Front, which ends up winning the elections. The Spanish State is radicalized and the result of these elections is:
Popillary forehead: 46%
Center: 6%
CEDA: 41%
Manuel Azaña is proclaimed President of the Second Spanish Republic again.