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CARL JUNG

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ANALYTIC

PSYCHOLOGY

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LEVELS OF THE MIND

Levels of the Mind

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Jung divided the mind into three different parts

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EGO

  • Conscious level
  • Carries out daily activities

PERSONAL UNCONSCIOUS

  • Individual's thoughts, wishes and impulses
  • Anything not presently conscious, but can be
  • Contains emotionally charged memories (complexes) that influence behaviour

COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS

  • Refers to 'psychic inheritance'
  • Psychological residue of man's ancestral past
  • Accumulated memories of mankind's experiences
  • Revealed through similar themes and symbols in various cultures
  • Common symbols are known as archetypes

ARCHETYPES

Archetypes

Archetypes are emotionally charged images, symbols and thought forms that have universal meaning

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PERSONA

  • The public personality worn as a mask to win society's approval
  • Comprised of attitudes taken from social class, occupations, hertiage, religion and others

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SHADOW

  • Represents the lower, animalistic, dark side of human behaviour
  • Amoral actions that are socially unacceptable
  • Also includes positive spontaneity, creativity, healthy mistrust and humour
  • Becomes visible through dreams, fantasies and slip of the tongue
  • Symbols that represent the shadow are snake, monsters, demons

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Anima / Animus

  • Anima is the feminine archetype in men
  • Symbolic of feelings and moods
  • Animus is the masculine archetype in women
  • Symbolic of thinking and reasoning

Concept of Self

Concept of Self

The self is the fully developed personality, attained by integrating and balancing all parts of the personality, including those that seem opposed. Individuation is the process by which opposing tendencies are integrated. The archetype of the self represents the striving for unity of polarising forces. The transcendence of opposites.

PSYCHOLOGICAL TYPE

Psychological Type

Jung attempted to explain psychological types through individual differences

Introversion vs. Extroversion

Introversion: the person is inwardly focussed, shy, timid and reflective. They prefere the internal world of thoughts, feelings and dreams.

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Extroversion: the person is outwardly focussed, outgoing, sociable, assertive and energetic. They prefere the external world of other people and activities.

Mental Functions

Thinking: naming and interpreting experience

Feeling: evaluating an experience for its emotional worth

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Sensing: experiencing the world through the senses without interpretation or evaluation

Intuiting: relating directly to the world without physical sensation, reasoning or interpretation

Stages of Development

Stages of Development

Jung believed that libidinal energy is directed to what is considered most important to an individual at a given stage in their life. As a person matures, importance is placed on different things.

A. Childhood (Birth to adolescence)

A

  • Libidinal energy directed to the tasks of learning to walk, talk and other necessary skills for survival
  • Throughout adolescence, the libido is directed towards sexual activities

B. Young Adulthood (Adolescence to 40)

B

  • Libidinal energy directed towards learning a vocation, finding a partner, getting married, raising children and other activities relating to human life
  • At this stage the individual is thought to be outgoing, energetic, impulsive and passionate

C. Middle Age (40 onwards)

  • Jung believed this to be the most important stage of personality development
  • The individual is transformed from the energetic young adulthood stage to a more sophisticated, culturally focussed, philosophical & spiritual sensitive individual
  • The person becomes more concerned with widom and the meaning of life
  • Spiritual needs are awoken and religion becomes more important

C

Methods of Investigation

Methods of Investigation

A. Word Association Test

  • 100 stimulus words are selected and arranged to elicit an emotional response
  • Depending on the reaction of the individual, critical responses such as restricted breathing, delayed reactions and stammering may indicate a complex has been reached.

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B. Dream Analysis

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  • Jung believed that symbols in dreams represented a variety of concepts
  • The purpose of Jungian dream interpretation was to uncover elements from the personal and collective unconscious and to integrate them into consciousness in order to facilitate the process of self-realization.
  • Jung felt that certain dreams offered proof for the existence of the collective unconscious.

C. Active Imagination

C

Person begins with any impression - a dream image, picture, vision or fantasy - and concentrates until that impression begins to 'move.' The individual follows these images wherever they go and freely communicate with them

D. Psychotherapy

  • The ultimate purpose of Jungian psychotherapy is to help neurotic patients become healthy and to encourage healthy people to work independently toward self- realization.
  • The stages of Jung's psychotherapy were:
  • Confession of a pathogenic secret
  • Interpretation, explanation and elucidation
  • Education of patients as social beings
  • Transformation to establish philosophy of life and strive toward individuation, wholeness or self-realisation

D

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