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SUSTAINABILITY IN PRODUCT DESIGN ENGINEERING

By: Elia Abdulkarim

What is sustainability?

SUSTAINABILITY

Sustainability is the application of developing products to reduce negative environmental effects.

Sustainability aims to meet our current needs without jeopardising the next generation's ability to meet their own (Portney 2015).

Product design is at the heart of engineering.

Incorporating sustainability into Product design is the first step

Plastics are commonly used in manufacturing

limitations

but they have a lot of negative environmental impact

Biodegradable materials

They release high amounts of CO2 and waste

Uses

The solution: bioplastics

Polylactic acid (PLA)

POLYLACTIC ACID (PLA)

PLA is a biodegradable thermoplastic (Sin & Tueen 2019)

Its produced through a direct condensation reaction (Sin & Tueen 2019)

it produces much less CO2 than most petrloleum based plastics

PLA is also biodegradable

Practical implementation of PLA

The most common application for PLA in product design is 3D printing (Sin & Tueen 2019)

PLA has a low melting point of 150°C–175°C (Sin & Tueen 2019)

It emits minimal odour and fumes making it ideal to work with (Sin & Tueen 2019)

Other PLA grades are ideal to use for mobile and computer casings (Sin & Tueen 2019)

Limitations of PLA

PLA has a low melting point

It can take very long to degrade and often has to be done through a process called hydrolysis

Human centred design

Design methods

Human-centred design is a design framework that prioritises human needs

The goal of this approach is to adress pain points and improve how we interact with our products (Crandall, 2019).

ISSUES

Limitations of human centred design

There are issues with placing human needs at the center of the design process

Like overconsumption of resources due to environmental neglect (Borthwick, Tomitsch, & Gaughwin, 2022).

Solution

LIFE CENTRED DESIGN

Life centred design is a technique that considers all life and not just human life (Borthwick, Tomitsch & Gaughwin 2022).

This framework aims to maintain the values of human-centred design while making environmental and ethical concerns a main priority (Lau 2004).

This framework argues in order for a product to succeed, we have to take into account not only desirability, viability, feasibility, financial viability but also environmental factors

Limitations

LIMITATIONS OF LIFE CENTRED DESIGN

This model is new, which means there is a high probability that impracticalities will be found in the implementation of this model.

This however opens up an area for future study and research

CONCLUSION:

Conclusion

Because of the world's environmental situation, sustainable practices in product design engineering are evolving and becoming increasingly important.

Ethics and inclusion

If biodegradable polymers are used on a greater scale

there is the possibility for significant reductions in carbon dioxide concentrations and plastic waste

Despite slow progress in sustainable approaches

engineers are constantly refining new design frameworks

Sustainability is an ethical consideration, because it aims to preserve our natural resources

resources for PLA are easily accesible

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