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Chapter 17: Telephone Numbers

1. Identify the type of number and provider

Basic Investigative Steps & Online Resources

2. Identify subscriber information

  • The type of number can be a landline, cellular number, or internet-based number (VOIP)

  • The provider is the company supplying the service

Number type and provider

Resources

Freecarrierlookup.com

  • This source provides the country, type of service, and provider associated with a cellular or landline number
  • This source also provides details about VOIP numbers (considered by M. Bazzell to be the best source for VOIP number details)
  • This source is free and does not require any user set up

Related open source resources

Carrierlookup.com

This source only allows one free search per day

freecarrierlookup.com

Shows "n" when VOIP number

carrierlookup.com

Search Example

Subscriber information includes the name and address associated with the account

Subscriber information

Caller ID Databases

Caller ID Databases

twillio.com/lookup

Twilio

  • This company provides VOIP services to many apps, companies, and individuals

  • Requires registration for free trial (use alias information including a burner email address (free trial allows for approximately 1500 queries)

  • Result provides phone number, national format, country code, caller name, caller type, carrier name, and carrier type

opencnam.com

  • Requires free trial registration; however, the author has bypassed email and phone number requirements with temporary emails and google voice numbers (free trial allows for approximately 150 free queries)

  • Open CNAM is one of the leading caller ID providers and this site is designed for companies wanting to test the accuracy of their data

  • Result provides caller name and number

Open CNAM

calleridservice.com

  • Requires free trial registration (free trial provides approximately 25 free searches, NOT charged for empty results)

  • Requires email address verification but not phone number verification, additional free trials only require a different email address

  • Provides name of number owner (name of caller) but no other information

Caller ID Service

bulkcnam.com

  • Requires free trial registration; however, a premium subscription only costs $.009 per successful query

  • Provides name of caller, but no other information

Bulk Solutions

everyoneapi.com

Everyone API

  • Provides address, gender, carrier information, previous carrier, and subscriber name of the owner. Also searches the number through social network database but successes are limited

  • This option is more expensive but a complete telephone number search can be obtained during a free trial

  • The author demonstrated this search database with a previously issued government number and received: a home address, carrier name, previous carrier name, first and last name, gender, etc.

  • Searched my own phone number and received father's first and last name, billing address, gender, carrier

serviceobjects.com/products/phone/reverse-phone-lookup-service

Service Objects

  • Serviceobjects.com/products/phone/reverse-phone-lookup-service

  • Free API trial key offer allows 500 free searches

  • Response is in xml data format but easily read

  • Gives provider, line type, name, address, and date first seen

  • Before reverse callerid lookups, this information would have required a subpoena

  • On an account with multiple numbers, the name will appear how it is identified between numbers, for example "Jennifer S" when on an account with multiple family members

Telephone Search Websites

The textbook author provides many sites and static URLs for search submissions to avoid unnecessary screens and advertisements

Telephone Number Search Websites

  • Example: I tested "Advanced Background Checks" (advancedbackgroundchecks.com) and found:
  • My phone number revealed my full name, age, and three previous addresses as well as both of my parents' full names
  • My parents' phone numbers revealed their full names, ages, current address, business address, and the address of an additional owned property
  • A friend's phone number revealed nothing
  • Another friend's phone number revealed her first name, maiden name, and three previous addresses

Search Tips

  • Searches through search engines such as Google and Bing often provide a lot of spam and links to sites with charges for information; however, search engines can be structured for better results
  • Search phone numbers in multiple formats such as:
  • "2025551212", "202-555-1212", "202.555.1212", "202 555 1212", "(202) 5551212", "(202) 555-1212", "(202) 555.1212", "(202)5551212", "(202)555-1212", "(202)555.1212"

Search Engine Tips

  • Many websites restrict sharing contact information; however, users attempt to trick this restriction and the following should also be searched:
  • "two zero two five five five one two one two", "two zero two five five five 1212", "two zero two 555 one two one two", "two zero two 555 1212", "202 give five five one two one two", "202 555 one two one two", "202 five five five 1212"

Voicemail messages often contain a name and/or personally recorded message.

The below tools capitalize on voicemail messages:

Spy Dialer

  • spydialer.com
  • Identifies user by extracting voicemail message
  • Allows you to download the message in mp3 format
  • **Usually functions without ringing the user's phone; however, Bazzell found approximately 10% of searches rang the user's phone
  • This could be suspicious to a paranoid target
  • If the target calls the number back, they will be alerted a Spy Dialer call was placed

Sly Dial

  • slydial.com
  • operated by calling the slydial number (267-759-3425)
  • Does not allow for downloading the message; however, by using Google Voice this can be done
  • Usually does not ring the target's phone; however, approximately 5% of the time the phone does ring
  • Does not reveal a slydial call was placed upon call back

Voicemail

True Caller

  • Crowd-sourced database for smart devices
  • Upon downloading, the app is given permission to collect contacts and upload them to a master database

Escort Index

  • escortindex.com
  • If the target is suspected of being involved in prostitution, drugs, or related activity- check this source
  • This source combines all prostitution classifieds and review sites into one search and allows search by phone number

Additional Sources

Rewards cards/Loyalty Cards

  • At checkout, enter a target phone number to earn "rewards"
  • The receipt will likely have the subject's name if they have enrolled in the program

Contact Exploitation

  • The android emulator (mentioned in previous textbook chapter) allows you to add the target number with a ficticious contact name.
  • Then, open a social media or dating app and ask the app to "find my friends". This function may lead to a profile associated with the target number

After the basics

What's Next?

Finding provider and subscriber information is often just the beginning of the investigation. The provider and subscriber information can lead to:

  • Call detail records
  • Historical or current location data
  • Additional suspects or addresses to inquire upon
  • Fugitive apprehension
  • Wire taps
  • Data retrieval from device
  • Preservation orders
  • etc.

*some information subject to subpoena or search warrant issuance

VOIP refers to Voice Over Internet Protocol technology

What is a VOIP?

  • VOIP technology allows people to make calls over the internet rather than using a traditional landline or cellular line
  • Examples of VOIP include WhatsApp, Google Voice, Twilio, Skype, Facebook Messenger and many others
  • VOIP technology is covered under the Electronic Communications Privacy Act which regulates surveillance activities of domestic intelligence/law enforcement agencies

Legal Considerations

Legal Considerations

  • Circumstances of individual cases may require legal authority to access certain information by way of subpoena power or search warrant.
  • Efforts to record and store information within the confines of the law and the agency's orders should be made
  • Actions taken to locate and seize evidence should not change the evidence
  • If service provider information is located, and sufficient evidence of a crime exists, subpoenas and/or search warrants for additional subscriber information, location information, call detail records, etc., should be sought

Citations

Bazzell, M. (2019). Open Source Intelligence Techniques: Resources for searching and analyzing online information (7th ed.). Charleston, SC: IntelTechniques.com.

Hamann, K., & Brown, R. R. (2018, February). Secure in Our Convictions: Using New Evidence to Strengthen Prosecution. Prosecutor, Journal of the National District Attorneys Association, 50(4), 15+. Retrieved from https://link-gale-com.proxy2.cl.msu.edu/apps/doc/A572943391/AONE?u=msu_main&sid=AONE&xid=15860da9

Investigative Uses of Technology: Devices, Tools, and Techniques, Investigative Uses of Technology: Devices, Tools, and Techniques (2007). Retrieved from https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/213030.pdf

Young, M. D. (2011, Winter). Electronic surveillance in an era of modern technology and evolving threats to national security. Stanford Law & Policy Review, 22(1), 11+. Retrieved from https://link-gale-com.proxy2.cl.msu.edu/apps/doc/A261729763/AONE?u=msu_main&sid=AONE&xid=97124bec

Presentation Sources

Presentation by: Shelby Dittmar CJ872-730

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