Introducing
Your new presentation assistant.
Refine, enhance, and tailor your content, source relevant images, and edit visuals quicker than ever before.
Trending searches
Key Points:
Biological Fitness: allele's reproductive success
Reproductive Success: feature of an individual
Advantages
Disadvantages
Two parents (unless bisexual and self-fertilize)
Sex cells called gametes
NOT genetically identical to parents or siblings
Characteristic number per cell
humans -> 46
camels -> 70
tomatoes -> 24
2 sets in homologous pairs
diploid = full 46 (23 pairs | 2 sets) } in somatic cells
haploid = half
Each parent contributes half
fertilized egg (fusion of haploid gametes) = zygote
processes are reciprocal
Individuals are either male, female or bisexual (hermaphrodite)
bisexual = advantageous in low-density populations and non-motile species (coral)
= disadvantageous due to less variation, fewer combinations of gametes
internal vs. external fertilization
no. of gametes produced
timing of gamete release
location of development of young
nature of parental care
moist/aquatic environments
synchronize reproductive cycles
little to no parental care
terrestrial environments (prevents gamete dehydration)
less time and energy
large no. of gametes produces
protects from immediate predation
little young survive
fewer eggs required
more time and energy
either laid in shell (oviparous) o
develops in body (viviparous)
or a combination (ovo-viviparous)
wide dispersal of offspring
*see case studies pg. 38-41
pollinating agents -> wind, water and animals
cross-pollination = with another plant (preferred for variation)
self-pollination = with same plant
Angiosperms shed pollen freely and are wind pollinated
Animals (1-to-1 relationship) pollinate plants for 'reward'
Fruit seeds are dormant only germinate when suitable
gametogenesis: gametes are produced in the gonads
(MASTER GLAND) pituitary gland: endocrine gland about the size of a pea, attached to the base of the brain
seasonal breeders (such
as sheep and cattle) are 'in season' or 'on heat' or 'in oestrus'
Higher order primates and some other mammals are continueous breeders. Fertility is a cycle for females and occurs all year round
(MASTER GLAND) pituitary gland: endocrine gland about the size of a pea, attached to the base of the brain
Advantages of seasonal breeders are energy reserves and increased chance of young survival (only produced in good conditions)
LH stimulates ovulation process
Adrogens (male sex and secondary characteristics): incl. testosterone. responsible for spermatogenesis
precursor of oestrogen
Progestin: synthetically produces progestogen used in hormonal birth control and treatment of some gonad cancers
Oestrogens: (female sex and secondary) responsible for ovarian function and sperm maturation
Progestogens: secondary female hormone plays key role in pregnancy, initiates menstruation and lactation
both present in both male and females
quick
suited for immobile organisms
effective with food shortages, small population
no variation may be beneficial
vulnerable to sudden change
no variation
vegetative organs
cloning an adult plant
perennating organs -> underground stems or roots or buds that store food for dormancy
advantage -> survive adverse conditions
key words: runners, nodes, apomixis, parthenogenesis
b: small bud separates new individual
bf: mainly unicellular (process like mitosis)
sporangia --> light, easy dispersed
simple version of seeds
asexual for desires trait specific
selective breeding
Allele: a variant form of a gene
Genotype: the DNA makeup of an individual (often interchangeable with allele)
Key points:
100
PLUS
PRO
$
500
$
/mo*
PLUS
50
15
/mo*
30
70
80
90
50
100
40
60
10
20
0
Images: Photo by <a href="https://unsplash.com/@3dparadise?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText">Braňo</a> on <a href="https://unsplash.com/s/photos/cell?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText">Unsplash</a>