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How is climate change affecting the function of microorganisms in both environmental management and their natural environment?

Madison Chandler

Con. Sem. Spring 2021

28/02/2021

Microorganisms

Microorganisms

Unseen Majority. A microorganism or microbe is a microscopic organism existing as a single-celled form or in a colony of cells.

Variety of uses by humans

Can be genetically engineered/modified

  • Food enzymes (WT and GM)
  • Fermentation
  • Steroids and antibiotics
  • Vitamins
  • Dairy products
  • Frostban for plants
  • reducing feeding damage to earworms, borers
  • Biofertilizers
  • Biofuels under TSCA
  • Pesticides (insect specific toxic genes)

Role of microorganisms in climate impacts

  • Maintaining soil nutrients
  • Plant growth regulators
  • Bio-remediation

Microbes on the environment

Maintaining soil health

Maintaining soil nutrients

  • Comprise a small amount of organic matter in soil
  • Responsible for nutrient cycling for plant uptake
  • Rhizosphere microorganisms
  • Supply...

Nitrogen

Project 1

Phosphorus

Project 2

Potassium

Project 3

Rhizosphere

Rhizosphere

Bio-remediation

Bio-remediation

  • breakdown of aromatic pollutants (can be both natural and induced)
  • petroleum
  • chlorinated compounds

Climate on Microbes

  • Higher latitude, higher impact
  • used to less seasonal variation and have faster turnover rates

Climate on Microbes

Impacts

Lower Pop.

  • Detriment to carbon sequestration

High Temps.

Impact

  • Fungal Decomposition
  • High carbon emissions from soil
  • Decrease in upwelling
  • Nutrient deposition decreased

Effects of Precipitation

Change in Precipitation

  • Significant effect when >20% change in precip.
  • Winter processes are affected by snowfall

Effects of High CO2

  • decrease methane uptake
  • alter plant microbe communities

High CO2

Marine and Terrestrial Processes affected

Cycles

NEXT STEPS

What can we do???

  • CO2 emissions down
  • Keeping groundwater/soil clean

CO2

  • Carpool
  • Public transportation/walk
  • LED Bulbs
  • Refuse single use
  • Refuse fast fashion

Ground and soil

  • Dispose properly
  • Use natural pesticides, fertilizers, etc.

Ground and soil

Conclusion

  • Microorganisms, the unseen majority are the basis to most biome cycles and many natural processes
  • Help them, help many

Work Cited

Work Cited

Cavicchioli, R., Ripple, W., Timmis, K., Azam, F., Bakken, L., Baylis, M., . . . Webster, N.

(2019, June 18). Scientists' warning to humanity: Microorganisms and climate change.

Retrieved February 22, 2021, from https://www.nature.com/articles/s41579-019-0222-5

“Chapter 7 The Use of Genetically Engineered Micro-Organisms in the Environment.” Impacts of Applied Genetics —Micro-Organisms, Plants, and Animals, John C. Holmes, pp. 117–132.

Dastagir, M. R. (2019). Microbial interventions in agriculture and environment. In 1208947387

901203499 D. P. Singh, 1208947388 901203499 V. K. Gupta, & 1208947389 901203499

R. Prabha (Authors), Microbial interventions in agriculture and environment (pp. 1-16).

Singapore: Springer.

Deckers, Marie, et al. “Genetically Modified Micro-Organisms for Industrial Food Enzyme Production: An Overview.” MDPI, Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 11 Mar. 2020, www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/9/3/326/htm.

Wozniak, Chris A., et al. “Chapter 4 Regulation of Genetically Engineered Microorganisms Under FIFRA, FFDCA and TSCA .” Regulation of Agricultural Biotechnology: 57 The United States and Canada, US Government, 2013, pp. 57–94.

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