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There are many reasons why people may choose to immigrate, and they are called push or pull factors.
Events that "Push" people away from their country.
Examples: War, Political/Religious Persecution, Famine, Poverty, Natural Disasters
Events that "Pull" people toward a new country.
Examples: Religious Freedom, Economic Opportunity, Better Living Conditions, Family.
The United States saw waves of immigrants from Europe and Asia:
Irish
Chinese
Famine
Gold Rush/Railroads
Italians
Jews
Germans
Poverty
Political/Religious freedom
Persecution by Russia
Old: 1820-1890, Northern Europe, Protestant
New: 1890-1920, Eastern/Southern Europe, Asia. Catholic, Jewish.
Ports of Entry:
Steamships:
One way tickets were $30 (1000 in today's money)
Crowded and Dangerous
Ellis Island:
NYC, half a mile from the Statue of Liberty
Angel Island:
San Francisco Bay
Crossing the Atlantic took 1-2 weeks
Main port of entry on the East Coast. It processed over 5,000 immigrants per day, millions in total.
Main port of entry on the West Coast, in San Francisco bay.
Arrival meant being processed by local immigration authorities. Here is a passenger manifest for a vessel from Norway.
What are some issues an immigrant might face in a new country?
Language
Culture
Community
Religion
Job
Housing
Ethnic Enclaves (MN)
Westward Expansion(SH, ND)
Immigrants were pressured to "Americanize", aka assimilate.
Nativists formed a political party called the "Know Nothing Party".
Chinese Exclusion Act prohibited Chinese immigration for 10 years.
Even that wasn't good enough for some people, and NATIVISM took hold.
Xenophobic Americans wanted to keep immigrants out.
Nativists were violent to immigrants
Is it fair that descendants of immigrants are acting this way?
One of their big fears was immigrants taking jobs away from union members.
America viewed itself as a Melting Pot where immigrants would blend together
They didn't completely let go of their identities and heritage however.
Immigration also sped up the transition from a rural to urban nation.
Settlement Houses were set up to help newly arrived immigrants
Not all Americans were hostile to immigrants.
More on that next week!
Some politicians were happy to help..... in exchange for votes.
Get out your phone and scan this QR code:
https://PollEv.com/clickable_images/nWVFl2xKWAir0hP0HCoXs/respond