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Stroke

Recognition and Education

Sarah Carey

Brain Attack - like a Heart Attack

Types of Stroke

Types of Strokes Ischemic and Hemorrhagic

Both Prevent Oxygen to the Brain

Ischemic

-a clot causes a blockage

 Embolic –blood clot from somewhere in the body travels to the brain

 Thrombotic-blood clot within the artery travels to the brain

 TIA –transichemic attack –may last a few minutes to a few hours

Many cardiovascular disorders are the cause of Ischemic Strokes including Atrial Fibrillation.

Hemorrhagic

Hemorrhagic

ruptured, bleeding blood vessel

 Intracerebral -within the brain

Blood vessel ruptures can be caused by aneurysms, tumors, medications that increase bleeding risk, damage to vessels from chronic diseases including high blood pressure and diabetes.

​ Subarachnoid-between the brain and the outer tissue

Mostly caused by an aneurysm.

Characteristic – SUDDEN INTENSE HEADACHE,

Nausea and Vomiting

Recognize

the signs---

Call 911!

Signs

SIGNS

Signs

  • NUMBNESS, TINGLING
  • WEAKNESS MAYBE ON ONE SIDE OR BOTH
  • LOSS OF BALANCE, DIFFICULTY WALKING
  • CHANGE IN VISION
  • SLURRED SPEECH OR BABBLING, DROOLING
  • CONFUSION
  • SUDDEN HEADACHE

CALL 911

Call 911

Rapid response and supportive care are needed !

Every second counts !

Lack of oxygen results in dead brain cells

Risk Factors

Risk Factors

  • Some risk factors can be changed, managed or are considered lifestyle choices
  • Some risk factors cannot be changed

Non- Modifiable

NON-modifiable

 Age >than 65 years old, but can happen at any age

 Gender- Men have more strokes in middle age, women have more overall because they live longer

 Race-African –American and Hispanic

 Family history- siblings, parents and grandparents

 Where you live -Greater in the SOUTH

Modifiable

Modifiable

  •  Diet
  •  Inactivity
  •  Obesity
  •  Diabetes
  •  High Blood Pressure
  •  Sleep Apnea
  •  High Cholesterol
  •  Smoking
  •  Alcohol use
  •  Drug use –especially cocaine
  •  Heart disease –aFib
  •  Sickle Cell Anemia
  •  Previous TIA or Stroke

Special Risks

for Women

  • Migraine with aura
  • Pregnancy & preeclampsia
  • Hormones
  • Birth Control Pills
  • Hormone replacement after menopause

Healthy Habits

Healthy

Habits

  • Regular healthcare appointments
  • Follow your physician’s recommendations
  • Regular healthcare appointments
  • Follow your physician’s recommendations
  • No smoking or recreational drugs
  • No smoking or recreational drugs
  • Limit Alcohol intake

References

References

Cook, L. K., & Clements, S. L. (2011). Emergency: Stroke Recognition and Management. AJN, American Journal of Nursing,111(5), 64-69. doi:10.1097/01.naj.0000398052.15546.b2

Meschia, J.F., Bushnell, C., Boden-Albala, B., Braun, L.T., Bravata, D. M., Chaturvedi, S.,…Wilson, J.A.,(2014). Guidelines for the Primary Prevention of Stroke A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke, 45, 3754-3832. doi: 10.1161/STR.0000000000000046

Stroke Background. (n.d.). Retrieved July 10, 2017, from http://ctrnd.med.ufl.edu/research/stroke/stroke-background/

Fast Facts

Fast Facts

  • Someone in the U.S. has a stroke about once every 40 seconds.
  •  Stroke is the No. 5 cause of death.
  •  Stroke is the No. 1 preventable cause of disability.
  •  One in three Americans can’t recall any stroke warning signs.
  •  More than half (58%) of Americans don’t know if they are at risk for stroke.
  •  80% of strokes can be prevented.

Quoted from the Together to End Stroke Spring 2014 Fact Sheet

American Heart Association /American Stroke Association

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