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Mongolian Empire

History

The Yuan Dynasty falls in 1368, overthrown by a Chinese rebel leader who establishes a new dynasty, the Ming dynasty.

1368

The Mongols defeat the Khwarizmi Shāh Dynasty of Central Asia.

1231

  • Genghis Khan dies in 1227

  • In 1227 the Mongol dominions stretched over the vast regions between the Caspian and China seas

1227-29

  • Temüjin rises to power by cultivating powerful allies and ultimately forming an army of his own
  • He conquers rival clans and makes sure that his men kill all rival leaders

1206

The Beginning

Temüjin is accepted as emperor of all people and he gets the title of Genghis Khan, which means universal ruler. This event was recorded as the beginning of the Mongol Empire.

1162

Temüjin is born on the steppes of what is now Mongolia.

He is the son of Yesügei,a member of the royal Borjigin

  • Tatars (another nomadic band) poison Yesügei

  • Temüjiun´s clan abandon him, including his Mom

  • Temüjiun is held captive but he eventually escapes

1171

The western part of the empire, known as the Golden Horde, annihilates the Bulgars in eastern Europe.

1237

Toda Mongke and His Mongol Horde, watercolor on paper depicting a khan at the head of the Golden Horde.

1248-51

  • Güyük dies in 1248.

  • His widow, Ogul-Gaimish becomes regent (temporary ruler) and rules for three years.

1242-46

  • Töregene, Ögödei’s widow, rules the empire by common consent of the Mongol nobles.

  • In 1246 her son Güyük becomes great khan.

1251

  • Möngke is elected great khan.

  • He will be the last great khan to base his capital at Karakorum, in central Mongolia.

1241

  • Ögödei dies during a drinking bout.

  • Mongol leaders cease their advances in Europe and the Near East so that they can be present in Mongolia when a new supreme ruler of the Mongols, or great
  • khan, is selected.

  • It is only Ögödei’s death that prevents Batu from invading western Europe.

Batu, a grandson of Genghis Khan, expands the domain of the Golden Horde in a series of brilliant campaigns that includes the sacking and burning of the city of Kyiv

1240

The Mongols seize then siege in Baghdad, in present-day Iraq.

1258

  • The Mongols fail to conquer Egypt.

  • Kublai, a brother of Möngke, is elected great khan and moves the empire’s capital to what is now Beijing.

  • Kublai comes to regard himself primarily as a Chinese emperor, and his dynasty becomes known as the Yuan Dynasty.

1260

Kublai dies. After his death the Mongol Empire begins to fragment as disputes over succession weaken the central government in China.

1294

1259

  • The Mongols take over much of present-day Syria.

  • Möngke dies during a siege of a provincial town in Sichuan, China.
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