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Muscular System

By: Mackenzie Gentry, Sarah Pacheco, Lydia Taylor, Marry Green, Jordan Rodriguez

Functions:

Functions

Supports skeletal

movement

The muscular system’s main function is to allow movement.

When muscles contract, they contribute to two types of movement:

  • Gross movement - large, coordinated motions like:
  • walking
  • running
  • swimming
  • Fine movement - smaller movements, such as:
  • writing
  • speaking
  • facial expressions

Muscles in the torso protect the internal organs at the front, sides, and back of the body. The bones of the spine and the ribs provide further protection.

Muscles also protect the bones and organs by absorbing shock and reducing friction in the joints.

Protects vital tissues

Maintains body temperature

Homeostasis - a state of bodily equilibrium, or "normal"

Body temperature control is one way skeletal muscles maintain homeostasis in your body.

When you are too cold, your muscles can raise your body's temperature through muscular contractions. (Example: shivering)

When you get too hot, your smooth muscle relaxes. This relaxation increases blood flow and releases excess heat through your skin.

Skeletal muscles assist with your posture. They work together to keep your body in the correct position when sitting or standing.

Good posture relies on strong, flexible muscles. Stiff, weak, or tight muscles contribute to poor posture and misalignment of the body.

Long-term, bad posture can lead to joint and muscle pain in your shoulders, back, neck, etc.

Maintains

body position

There are two main ways that the muscular system guards entrances/exits in your body.

  • The mouth allows useful nutrients into your body.
  • The anus allows waste to exit your body.

Guards entrances and exits

Histology

Muscle Types/Categories

Skeletal: attaches to bone; has striations

Voluntary

Do not contract automatically

  • Examples: skeletal muscles

Smooth: lines hollow organs; no striations

Cardiac: in heart; intercalated discs

Involuntary

Contract automatically

  • Example: smooth and cardiac muscles

Muscle Tissue Anatomy

Muscle Anatomy

Epimysium - “Makes the Muscle”; Connective tissue - binds multiple fascicles together

Perimysium - “Makes the Fascicles”; Connective tissue - covers multiple muscle fibers bundled together

Fascicles - Bundles of muscle fibers

Endomysium - Connective tissue that covers individual muscle fibers

Muscle Fiber - "Muscle Cell"

Movement Terms:

Characteristics

Excitability – the ability of muscles to respond to a stimulus

Extensibility - the ability to stretch

Elasticity - the ability to return to normal length

Contractility - the ability to contract

Automaticity - the ability to contract without nerve supply

Movement Terms:

Muscle Movement

Muscle contraction is important to mobility. The terms below are helpful to explain how muscles move:

Flexion - Bent/ bending

Extension - Increases angle between two body parts

Rotation - Circular movement of a joint or muscle

Abduction - Movement away from the midline of the body

Adduction - Movement toward the midline

Muscle Disorders

Disorders

These are some examples of disorders that result in muscle weakness. Many of them are neuromuscular disorders, but all of them are caused by dysfunction of the muscle fiber.

  • Polio
  • ALS (Lou Gehrig’s Disease)
  • Multiple Sclerosis
  • Muscular Dystrophy
  • Bell’s Palsy
  • Tendonitis
  • Fibrositis

Citations:

Sources

“Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology.” Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology, Online Student Edition Page 162, https://www.g-wonlinetextbooks.com/cdn-1493044402676/introduction-anatomy-physiology-2014/172.

  • “11 Functions of the Muscular System: Diagrams, Facts, and Structure.” Medical News Today, MediLexicon International, https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321617#eleven-main-functions-of-the-muscular-system.
  • Hall, Susan B. “The Muscular System.” Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology, Online Student Edition Page 162, https://www.g-wonlinetextbooks.com/cdn-1493044402676/introduction-anatomy-physiology-2014/172.
  • Ms. Gray's classroom slides

Thank

you

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