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Basic Physics Concepts
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Basic Physics Concepts
Kalei Lawler Swamii 2nd
the rate at which someone or something is able to move or operate:
s=d/t
speed
If an object covers equal distance in an equal interval of time, then the time speed graph of an object is a straight line parallel to time axis then body is moving with uniform speed.
s=v*T
types: uniform and Non uniform
uniform speed
A body is said to be moving with variable speed if it covers unequal distances in equal intervals of time
s=distance covered/time
variable speed
the speed of something in a given direction
Velocity
Instant velocity is a method for determining how quickly an object is changing its speed or direction at a given point in time. Instant velocity is determined by reducing the period of time used to measure acceleration to such a small quantity that the object does not accelerate during the given period of time.
s=ds/dt
Instant velocity
The point at which air resistance equals the acceleration caused by gravity or whatever force is acting on the object is known as terminal velocity.
v= sqrt(2w/cdpa)
Terminal Velocity
Force
A force is a push or pull upon an object resulting from the object's interaction with another object.
f=m*A
a friction force occurs when two surfaces come in contact with each other
f = \mu N
types: static, rolling, sliding, fluid
frictional
A tension force is the force, string, rope, cable or wire when pulled tight by forces acting from opposite ends.
t= m* gf (+-) M*A
tension
Units of Work: We know that: W = FS cosq = F x S; if q = 0o i.e.
when displacement is in the direction of the force.
There are to types of units of work: (a) Absolute Units and (b) Gravitational or Practical Unites
Work
energy which a body possesses by virtue of being in motion.
K.E. = 1/2 m v2
kinetic energy
Radiant energy is simply energy that travels in waves, or sometimes in particles. It's the energy given off by electromagnetic radiation
radiant
Thermal energy (also called heat energy) is produced when a rise in temperature causes atoms and molecules to move faster and collide with each other.
thermal
the energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position relative to others, stresses within itself, electric charge, and other factors
P.E. = mgh
Potential energy
The gravitational energy or gravitational potential energy is the energy stored in the object because of its height above the ground within the gravitational field.
PEgrav = m×g×h
Gravitational
Elastic potential energy is the energy stored in an object that is stretched or compressed. Elastic potential energy can be stored in the elastic objects such as springs, rubber bands etc.
Elastic
PEspring= 1/2 kx^2
the quantity of motion of a moving body, measured as a product of its mass and velocity.
p = mv
types: Liner and Angular
Momentum
a wave of compression and rarefaction, by which sound is propagated in an elastic medium such as air.
Frequency f = 1/T f = c / λ
Wavelength λ λ = c / f
Time period or cycle duration T = 1/f T = λ / c
Wave speed c c = λ × f
Sound wave
a wave vibrating at right angles to the direction of its propagation.
transverse
Longitudinal waves are waves in which the displacement of the medium is in the same direction as, or the opposite direction to, the direction of propagation of the wave.
longitudinal
Light is a transverse, electromagnetic wave that can be seen by the typical human. The wave nature of light was first illustrated through experiments on diffraction and interference.
V = c
Light Wave
Radio waves are a type of electromagnetic (EM) radiation with wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum longer than infrared light.
radio waves
Microwaves are a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from about one meter to one millimeter; with frequencies between 300 MHz (1 m) and 300 GHz (1 mm).
microwaves
Newton's first law of motion: An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
The second law states that the acceleration of an object is dependent upon two variables - the net force acting upon the object and the mass of the object.
f=m*a
Newton' third law : A force is a push or a pull that acts upon an object as a results of its interaction with another object