Introducing 

Prezi AI.

Your new presentation assistant.

Refine, enhance, and tailor your content, source relevant images, and edit visuals quicker than ever before.

Loading content…
Loading…
Transcript

1

Human

Geography

5

3

Why Geography Matters?

Why is the study of geography essential for understanding our world?

complex

interdependent

changing

Why Places Matter?

How do certain places

influence your lives as inhabitants?

Influence of places

influences

  • provide both opportunities for—and constraints on—people's long-term social well-being;
  • establish a context in which everyday commonsense knowledge and experience are gathered;
  • provide a setting for processes of socialization;
  • and provide an arena for contesting social norms.

Studying HG

“Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related to each other

than are distant things.”

Studying HG

“nearness principle”

people tend to seek to

  • maximize the overall utility of places at minimum effort,
  • to maximize connections between places at minimum cost, and
  • to locate related activities as close together as possible.

vs PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

  • Earth's natural processes and their outcomes

REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY

  • combines elements of both physical and human geography
  • the way that unique combinations of environmental and human factors produce territories with distinctive landscapes and cultural

Basic Tools and Methods

remote sensing: collection of information about parts of Earth's surface by means of aerial photography or satellite imagery designed to record data on visible, infrared, and microwave sensor systems

Basic Tools and Methods

GPS and GIS?

Geographic information systems (GIS) have rapidly grown to become one of the most important methods of geographic analysis, particu- larly in the military and commercial worlds. The software in GIS incorporates programs to store and access spatial data, to manipulate those data, and to draw maps.

Equidistant

Equidistant

  • 'equally distant',
  • at the same distance from a place.
  • A point is equidistant from other points if it is at the same distance away from them.

Conformal

Conformal

  • every angle between two curves that cross each other on Earth (a sphere or an ellipsoid) is preserved in the image of the projection
  • The figures on the maps are nearly similar to their physical counterparts.
  • if two roads cross each other at a 39° angle, then their images on a map with a conformal projection cross at a 39° angle.

Equivalent Projections

  • portray areas on Earth's surface in their true proportions but result in world maps on which many locations appear squashed and have unsatisfactory outlines.

Equivalent

Spatial Analysis

3

studying geographic phenomena in terms of their arrangement as points, lines, areas, or surfaces on a map.

4

5

1

Location

Location is often nominal; that is, it is expressed solely in terms of the names given to regions and places. We speak, for example, of Washington, D.C., or of Georgetown, a location within Washington, D.C. Location can also be used as an absolute concept, whereby locations are fixed mathematically through coordinates of latitude and longitude

Latitude: angular distance of a point on Earth's surface, measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds north or south from the equator.

Equator: assigned a value of 0°. Lines of latitude around the globe run parallel to the equator

Longitude: angular distance of a point on Earth's surface, measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds east or west from the prime meridian.

Prime meridian: the line that passes through both poles and through Greenwich, Eng- land, which is assigned a value of 0°

2

Distance

Distance: useful as an absolute physical measure, whose units we may count in kilometers or miles.

  • can also be a relative measure, expressed in terms of time, effort, or cost.
  • It can take more or less time, for example, to travel 10 kilometers from point A to point B than it does to travel 10 kilometers from point A to point C. Similarly, it can cost more or less.

3

Space

Space: can be measured in absolute, relative, and cognitive terms.

  • Human geographers talk about space in various ways.
  • Absolute space: a mathematical space described through points, lines, areas, planes, and configurations whose relationships can be fixed precisely through mathematical reasoning.

Accessibility

defined by geographers in terms of relative location: the opportunity for contact or interaction from a given point or location in relation to other locations.

It implies proximity, or nearness, to something. Distance is one aspect of acces- sibility, but it is by no means the only important aspect.

Spatial interaction

  • Interdependence between places and regions can be sustained only through movement and flows.
  • Geographers use the term spatial interaction as shorthand for all kinds of movement and flows involving human activity.
  • Freight shipments, commuting, shopping trips, telecommunications, electronic cash transfers, migration, and vacation travel are all examples of spatial interaction.

Regional Analysis

Not all geographic phenomena are most effectively understood through spatial analysis. Geographers also seek to understand the complex relationships between peoples and places in terms of the similarities and differences among and between them and the identities and qualities associated with them. Here the key concepts are regionalization, landscape, and sense of place.

Regionalization

The geographer's equivalent of scientific classification is regionalization, with individual places or areal units being the objects of classification.

Geographers are especially inter- ested in functional regions (sometimes referred to as nodal re- gions)—regions that, while they may exhibit some variability in certain attributes, share an overall coherence in structure and economic, political, and social organization.

regionalization

Regionalism: describe situations in which different religious or eth- nic groups with distinctive identities coexist within the same state boundaries, often concentrated within a par- ticular region and sharing strong feelings of collective identity.

If such feelings develop into an extreme devo- tion to regional interests and customs, the condition is known as sectionalism.

Irredentism: the assertion by the government of a country that a minority living outside its formal borders belongs to it historically and culturally.

Landscape

landscape

comprehensive product of human action such that every landscape is a complex repository of society. It is a collection of evidence about our character and experience, our struggles and triumphs as humans.

Ordinary landscapes: (or vernacular landscapes, as they are sometimes called) the everyday landscapes that people create in the course of their lives together.

Symbolic landscapes: represent particular values or aspirations that builders and financiers want to impart to a larger public.

sense of place

the feelings evoked among people as a result of the experiences and memories they associate with a place and to the symbolism they attach to that place. It can also refer to the character of a place as seen by outsiders: its distinctive physical characteristics and/or its inhabitants.

Learn more about creating dynamic, engaging presentations with Prezi