French Colonization of Madagascar

First contact

first contact would occur in In 1643, the French East India Company came to Madagascar and built a fort in the southern town of Fort Dauphin (today known as Tôlanaro).in 1883 the french military was sent into madagascar and this would be known as the first franco-hova war. the french would make contactfirst with the people of madagascar, after this war madagascar became a french protectorate. The Second Franco-Hova War, which started as a second struggle between the French troops and Queen Ranavalona III's royal government of Madagascar, soon followed the First Franco-Hova War's conclusion (1894-1895). Queen Ranavalona was forced to abdicate in 1895, and France formally seized Madagascar in 1896. [1]

Madagascar came under the rule of Vichy France during World War II. The Battle of Madagascar took place on the northern extremity of the island nation close to the town of Antsiranana from May to November 1942. (also known as Diego-Suarez). The Japanese administration was feared by the Allied troops to seize Madagascar and use it as a base to rule the Indian Ocean. British and allied soldiers invaded Madagascar in May 1942 and routed the Vichy-aligned French forces in November 1942.

Colonial Rule

Despite signing the Franco-Hova Treaty of 1885 during the First Madagascar expedition, Queen Ranavalona III refused to accept a protectorate treaty from France, which led to the French invasion. Later, Madagascar succumbed to French domination and lost the war. In other words, despite Madagascar not being a colony legally or technically, the French controlled it internally and diplomatically. The island was heavily assaulted, captured, and turned into a full-fledged French colony in 1895. Finally, Madagascar was occupied by France. On August 6, 1896, it formally became a French colony. France maintained complete authority over the government, the military, and the economy during the colonial era. The french would maitain Direct rule in madagascar till madagascar achieved independence. This relates to political globilization becasue the french would have used there system that they had in france and implented that into the french colony of madagascar this colony was ruled in a french way., this way would be a democratic system which today is followed in 167 countries across the world.

Indeginious people

An ethnic group known as the Malagasy, or Malgache in French, is indigenous to the island nation of Madagascar. Their ancestry is a mix of Southeast Asian immigrants of Austronesian descent who came from Borneo and other Indonesian islands, as well as continental African Bantu-speaking peoples who migrated from the Eastern coast of mainland Africa. The malagasy were not fond of the french as they would have seperate wars withtme and also revolt against them numerous times for there freedom the biggest being The Malagasy Uprising, which lasted from March 1947 to February 1949, was a Malagasy nationalist uprising against French colonial rule in Madagascar (French: Insurrection malgache; Malagasy: Tolom-bahoaka tamin' ny. during this the goverment at the time comprised od french politicians woould lead the arms forces and many would perish. The malagasy people would lose countless memebsr and there culture would also start to die out due to the contact witht he french, there way of life would change forever this can also be related to the First nations of canada. This relates to social globilization becasue the meeting of these cultures would cause one to be largely damaged(malagasy peoples), this now eriversible. the frecnch would give up the island and to this day the malagasy people exist many trditions are still followed but just as many may have been lost. Even to this day The Malagasy arts and culture sector is currently facing two major problems: a lack of financial support and lack of dedicated politicians

Indeginious People

Resources

Resources

Sugar, coffee, manioc, cotton, cacao, vanilla, tobacco, butter beans, cloves, mulberry and rubber trees were the main producers. They support sericulture. Numerous valuable timbers may be found in the woodlands, and caoutchouc, gums, resins, and plants used for textile, tanning, dyeing, and medicinal uses are also abundant. Caoutchouc is currently the main product produced on the island; it is sold to London, Hamburg, and Marseilles. Weaving of silk and cotton, the creation of textures from raphia palm fibre, and metalworking are all still done. Europeans worked on the production of sugar, rice, soap, beer, and other goods. Gold, iron, copper, lead, silver, zinc, antimony, manganese, nickel, sulphur, lignite (March 1912), and coal have all been discovered to be minerals. According to the Decree of May 23, 1907, mining is practised. The following metals and minerals were produced in 1914: 556 tonnes of corundum, 7,749 tonnes of graphite, 36 tonnes of rock crystal, and 52,228 ounces of gold. 399,155 grammes of precious stones were produced in 1912. These resources peovided wealth and advancment for the french. These materials allowed for france to make more goods and sell them elwhere making the country more and more wealthy. This ties in with economic globilization becasue these materials would be made into goods and sold internationally to other countries.

Independence

Independence

Madagascar would gain independence from france in 1960 in the wake of decolonization. The country's inaugural president was Philibert Tsiranana. This occurred 76 years after the Berlin Conference, which marked the peak of the Scramble for Africa, a process in which white Europeans competed for control of land in Africa. The new country would go through three republics :1960-1971,1972-1991,1991-2002. The country . In a formal referendum in 1958, the Maagasy people chose to have their nation be autonomous. As a result, on October 14, 1958, Madagascar was recognised as an independent state within the French Community. The Republic of Madagascar adopted its first constitution in 1959, and the year also saw the first democratic elections in its history. On May 1st, 1959, Philibert Tsiranana (PSD) became Madagascar's new and first president. He has received the majority of his support from France both during the election and since. The Republic of Madagascar proclaimed its independence from its erstwhile colonial occupier France on June 26th, 1960. A national holiday honouring the island's independence is observed today, June 26. March 29th was designated as a national day of remembrance six years later. This would only come after the people of madagascar fought against there rulers and ones that caused harm against them. Many lives would be lost at the hands of french troops.

Madagascars first president

Current state

Current state

Madagascar is one of the world's poorest nations, with a gross domestic output that is declining. A startling 77 percent of people are either below the poverty line or making less than $1.25 per day. The nation owes more than 3 billion dollars in international debt. Madagascar, a nation where 75% of people reside in rural areas, is plagued by pervasive corruption. It is highly challenging to have free and fair elections, and its opposition leaders have been banished to South Africa and France. There is little chance that Madagascar will ever recover from corruption and be able to provide decent living conditions given the lack of adequate infrastructure and the over 30% reduction in the health budget. By employing disproportionate violence, arbitrary arrests, and detentions, Madagascar frequently violates the human rights of its residents. In a 2011 Amnesty International study, the organisation stated that there are restrictions on free speech and that th justice system is corrupt. Furthermore, natural disasters like cyclones, floods, and severe drought are common in Madagascar. At least three to four cyclones per year cause destruction and homelessness throughout the nation. Despite the fact that Madagascar gained independence in 1960, little has changed in the nation's economic policy. The economic strategy places more emphasis on resource exploitation than on sustainable development. With fewer than 20 million inhabitants, Madagascar cannot present itself as a desirable location for foreign investment.

Bibliography

Website 1: https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=f471ef5cac8a8cacJmltdHM9MTY2NzY5MjgwMCZpZ3VpZD0wMjkxZGI0My03ZjFmLTY1NTgtMDYyNS1jYWI1N2VlZjY0ZTUmaW5zaWQ9NTE4Nw&ptn=3&hsh=3&fclid=0291db43-7f1f-6558-0625-cab57eef64e5&psq=Malagasy+culture&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9tYWxhZ2FzeWEuY29tL21hbGFnYXN5LWN1bHR1cmUv&ntb=1 Used for all Questions

Website 2 :https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=42691a3bf3966ba6JmltdHM9MTY2NzY5MjgwMCZpZ3VpZD0wMjkxZGI0My03ZjFmLTY1NTgtMDYyNS1jYWI1N2VlZjY0ZTUmaW5zaWQ9NTIwNQ&ptn=3&hsh=3&fclid=0291db43-7f1f-6558-0625-cab57eef64e5&psq=french+in+madagascar&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnL3dpa2kvRnJlbmNoX01hZGFnYXNjYXI&ntb=1 used for: first contact,colonial rule, and independence

Website 3: https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=3c2c86041149ec4fJmltdHM9MTY2NzY5MjgwMCZpZ3VpZD0wMjkxZGI0My03ZjFmLTY1NTgtMDYyNS1jYWI1N2VlZjY0ZTUmaW5zaWQ9NTI0Nw&ptn=3&hsh=3&fclid=0291db43-7f1f-6558-0625-cab57eef64e5&psq=madagascar+&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYnJpdGFubmljYS5jb20vcGxhY2UvTWFkYWdhc2Nhcg&ntb=1

Bibliography