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Urbanization and Migration
7
Solutions
Lars Walter
Global Studies
22/07/2020
Urbanization & Migration in New York City
Structure
1
What is Urbanization & Migration
2
Problems & chances
Structure
3
Solutions
What is
Urbanization
Definition:
That the population shift from rural to urban areas, a decrease in people living in rural areas
What is
Urbanization
Urbanization
- Urban population growth ≠ urbanization
The movement of people from one place to another is called migration
Urbanization
Types
Types
Urban - rural migration
Rural - rural migration
Urban - urban migration
Rural - urban migration
History
- 17th century
History
Push-factors:
- Working places
- Infrastructure
- Lifestyle
- Europe and North America
2030:60%
Chances & Problems
Chances/
Problems
Chances
Chances
Access to education
Diversity
- Innovation & dynamic human capital accumulation in cities
(Endogenous growth)
“Agglomeration effects”
Chances
Chances
knowledge spillovers
easier to search labor
more cultural, free time activities
Problems
Problems
Diseases like:
- cardiovascular and respiratory illnesses
Air & water pollution leads to diseases
Housing prices go up
Diseases spread faster
Problems
Problems
Neglect of the periphery leads to higher crime rates & dirty ghettos
No space
Traffic jams
Solutions
Space / housing
1
Pollution problem
2
Space problem
Space/
housing
- New York City
- Manhattan
--> Best example to solve this problem
Hippodamus of Miletus
- 5th century BC
- invented Greek architect
Hippodamus of Miletus
Streets
Parcels
perfect utilization of space
Manhattan
- Till 19th century
- 2/3 with arable field
New York City
Commissioner's Plan
- 1811
- under mayor Dewitt Clinton
Commissioner's Plan
- Regardless of the
topography
- The Grid
Central Park
- After the road network
Central Park
- Central Park,
recreation areas
Inhabitants Manhattan
Manhattan:
- 1811 96.000 inhabitants
Inhabitants
- 2011 1.500.000 inhabitants
Pollution
- Hardest problem in our century
Pollution
- And the consequences will change our whole lifestyle if we don't do anything
More greens
- Great job: Central Park
Solutions
- Implement in Architecture
- rooftops with green
- walls carpeted with vines
- plants cut noises
- absorb CO2
- produce oxygen
--> better air
Communities
- Communities within your house
grow own food
Solutions
collect rainwater
composting
sustainable, cleaner and cheaper