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Nascent Nation
2
Nascent Nation- The United States 1789-1800
Essential Questions
What was the legacy of George Washington's presidency?
How did political parties develop in the United States?
Essential Questions
How did the French Revolution influence American politics?
What did the election of 1800 signify about the new nation?
George Washington
Unanimously elected
Electoral college
Took office on April 30, 1789
New York City
Executive Branch
Power to appoint chiefs of departments
George Washington
1- State Department- Thomas Jefferson
2-Treasury Department- Alexander Hamilton
3- War Department- Henry Knox
4- Attorney General- Edmund Randolph
Domestic Issues
Financial
war debts
Alexander Hamilton
1- Pay off national debt, Federal government takes on States' debt
Domestic Issues
2- Protect domestic economic sectors
super high tariffs
3- Create National Bank
Print federal money
Southerners agreed, but Capitol needed to be moved
Foreign Affairs
French Revolution- 1789
Spark a wave of wars across Europe
Does US get involved?
Already in debt
Foreign Affairs
Do not want to get involved in European affairs
Hate monarchies
Proclamation of Neutrality 1793
George Washington claims neutrality as federal policy
Thomas Jefferson resigns
Citizen Genêt Affair
Early Treaties of the US
Jay Treaty- 1794
Britain and US
Britain would leave US western frontier
Did not address seizure of US ships to France
Treaties
The Pinckney Treaty- 1795
Spain and US
Free exports out of New Orleans
Got a little bit of Florida
Ohio River Valley
Settler Encroachment
Alleghenies
Native Confederacy
Shawnee, Delaware, Iroquois
Miami- Little Turtle
Ohio River Valley
Armed and encouraged by British
General Anthony Wayne
Battle of Fallen Timbers- 1794
Treaty of Greenville
Public Land Act of 1796
Built off NW Ordinance of 1787
Congress encouragement of rapid settlement
Set prices
Public Land Act
Whiskey Rebellion
1794
Alexander Hamilton
Tariffs not raising enough
Persuaded Congress to pass tax- Whiskey
Importance of Whiskey to rural communities
Whiskey Rebellion
Western Pennsylvania
Refused to pay tax
Attacked/harassed tax collectors
Direct challenge to fed.
Response
President Washington
Federalized militia- 15,000
First Federal troops of US government
Led by Alexander Hamilton
Show of force was enough
Response
Supported by Easterners
Finally a gov with teeth
Resented by Westerners
Seen as oppressive
Thomas Jefferson will continue to write and gain support
Political Parties
Not mentioned in Constitution
Quick development of "Two Party System"
Federalists
Anti-Federalists
Thomas Jefferson
Alexander Hamilton
Political Parties
Democratic-Republican Party
Organized across state lines
Legacy of George Washington
Served two terms
Farewell Address- 1796
Published in Newspapers
Washington Retires
Do not get involved in European affairs
No permanent alliances
Do not form political parties
Do not fall into sectionalism
Election of 1796
Thomas Jefferson
John Adams
Mass.
Virginia
Dem-Rep
Transfer of Power
Fed.
ex Sec. St.
VP
March 4, 1797 – March 4, 1801
no major riots
The XYZ Affair
1797-1798
French military seized American merchants
Adams sends delegation
French Ministers only known as XYZ in media
Many Americans took offense
The XYZ Affair
Federalist factions saw opportunity- Western territory (Hamilton)
Adams fought populist demands
"Resets" diplomatic relations
Politics and Policy
Federalist win House and Senate
Began to legislate
Naturalization Act
5-14 years for citizenship
Alien and Sedition Acts
Politics and Policy
Alien Act- President can deport individuals and detain immigrants in time of war
Sedition Act- made it illegal for critique of President or Congress
Kentucky Virginia Resolutions
challenge to federal law
Sup. Court Judicial Review Mechanism
Passed state law in direct conflict
Both Dem. Reps.
Election of 1800
Congress voted
Burr. Hamilton Duel
July 11, 1804