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Experiment of Hans Christian Oersted- He found a link between electricity and magnetism
Any current carrying conductor creates a magnetic field
Needle deflects only when current passes, so current carrying conductor has magnetic field
4. Magnetic field at any point is the combined effect of earths field and current
1.Near the wires the magnetic field are circular
2. Near the centre the field lines are parallel, uniform
4. More turns more strength
5. Loop acts like dipole and behaves like magnetic disc of same radius
6.At the centre ,field lines are along the axis of loop and normal to its plane
What is a solenoid?
A solenoid is a long piece of wire which is wound in the shape of a coil. When the electric current passes through the coil it creates a relatively uniform magnetic field inside the coil.
B
A
B
Magnetic lines
From north to south
Same from north to south
North south
North south
Suspended freely
Yes
Attractive property
Yes
Dissimilarity
Strength can be increased for solenoid not for magnet
Polarity can be reversed for solenoid
I shaped electromagnets
U shaped electromagnets
More turns
Permanent
Electromagnet
Steel
Made of iron
Cannot be increased
Strength can be increased
Cannot be
Demagnetized
Cannot reverse
Reverse the polarity
https://flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook/cbse-physics-class-10/section/4.6/primary/lesson/force-on-a-current-carrying-conductor-in-a-magnetic-field/
Fore finger- field
Central finger- current
ThuMb- motion
S
N
S
N
S
N
S
N
Current carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field experiences a force
Parts
Coil
Magnet
Commutator
Brushes
Electromagnetic Induction or Induction is a process in which a conductor is put in a particular position and magnetic field keeps varying or magnetic field is stationary and a conductor is moving. This produces a Voltage or EMF (Electromotive Force) across the electrical conductor.
https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/cheerpj/faraday/latest/faraday.html?simulation=faraday
Faraday's second law of electromagnetic induction states that, the magnitude of induced emf is equal to the rate of change of flux linkages with the coil. The flux linkages is the product of number of turns and the flux
Lenz's law of electromagnetic induction states that, when an emf is induced according to Faraday's law, the polarity (direction) of that induced emf is such that it opposes the cause of its production.
Fleming’s Right - hand Rule
This rule states that if we stretch the thumb, middle finger, and an index
finger in such a way that they are mutually perpendicular to each other.
Such that:
1. Thumb: It is along the direction of motion of the conductor.
2. Middle Finger: It points in the direction of the induced current.
3. Index Finger: It points in the direction of the magnetic field.