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1178: Atoms and Molecules

Introduction

The

Future

  • Basic level of organisation:

- Atoms, molecules (groups of atoms)

  • Characteristics of all things due to:

- Types of atoms involved

- Interaction of atoms

  • Matter is anything that

- Occupies space

- Has mass

  • Atoms:

- Simplest units of matter

Structure of Atom

When

Proton

  • Positive Charged
  • Same size and mass as neutron

Neutron

  • Similar in size and mass to proton
  • Neutral in charge
  • hydrogen atom: no neutrons

Electron

  • Negative charge
  • Moves around nucleus
  • Mass is 1/1836 ofa proton

What

Atomic Number

  • Number of protons in a atom
  • Shows the number electrons in a neutrally charged atom

Mass Number

  • Total number protons and neutrons in an atom

Time

Element

  • Substance consists entirely of atoms with same atomic number
  • Cannot be broken down into simpler substances
  • Eg, Oxygen, hydrogen
  • 109 elements
  • 92 natural
  • 4 account for 96% body mass:

- Oxygen

Carbon

Hydrogen

Nitrogen

Play

Isotopes

  • Atoms of an elements with different number of neutrons
  • Same chemical properties
  • Eg: Hydrogen exists in 3 forms:

- H-1 (hydrogen) : no neutron

- H-2 (deuterium) : 1 neutron

- H-3 (tritium): 2 neutrons

Radioisotopes

  • Contains unstable nuclei that emit radiation
  • Used for medical investigations and treatments (large amount: cancer)
  • Eg: (Small amount: Bone scan, Thyroid scan), Radio-iodine theraphy

2020

Atomic Weight

  • Sum of protons, neutrons and electrons
  • Amount almost equal to MASS NUMBER as the mass of electrons are negligible

Electron Shells

  • Electrons are found in electron shells
  • Each shell holds a maxium number of electrons
  • 1st: 2
  • 2nd: 8
  • Only Outer electron shell electrons take part in chemical reactions

You

Inert Elements

Inert Elements

  • Elements with completely filled outer shells
  • Does not participate in chemical reactions
  • Group 0 elements :Helium, Neon

Atoms with Incomplete Shells

Atoms with Incomplete Shells

  • Give up electrons (less than 4 electrons on outer most shells):
  • - Cations - Postive charge
  • Accept elections (more than 4 electrons on outer most shell):
  • - Anions - Negative charge
  • Share electrons

Molecules

Molecules

  • Chemicals that contain more than 1 atom of the same element
  • EG: O2, H2

Compounds

Compounds

  • Contains atoms of more than 1 element
  • Properties varies from original elements
  • EG: H2O

(2 hydrogen atoms combining chemically with 1 oxygen atom to form water)

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