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Empathy Altruism Theory
1
Why and when people help?
Introduction
Introduction
Presentation overwiew
- Empathy Altruism related Theories and historical bacground
- Empathy Altruism theory
- IThe nfluence on psychology
- Evsluation of theory
- Real world application of psychological theory
- 1851s Term introduction
- 1960s first research
- Early theories
- Later Development
Historical bacground
Theories on Altruism
(Feigin et al, 2014)
Altruistic Personality
Characteristic of altruistic personality:
- Prosocial behaviour
- Altruistic motivation
- Empathy
Altruistic personality in context of Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis
(Bierhoff & Rohman, 2004)
The Bystander Effect
- Arousal cost reward model
(Fisher et al, 2011,)
The Bystender Effect
Evaluation
Empathy Altruism Theory
Altruistic vs egoistic motivation
Source of motivation
- Empathy based altruistic motivation
(Batson, 2010; Schroeder et al. 2014)
- Egoistic motivation
(Fisher et al. 2011)
Interdependence Theory
INTERDEPENDENCE THEORY
Basic assumptions:
- The way people act depends on situational variables
- The transformation of situaation caused by goal
- Interaction between person A and person B
- Adaptation
(Rusbult & Van Lange, 2008; Van Lange & Balliet, 2015)
Influence on psychology
Influence on psychology
- Increase research on theories of altruism
- Develops a new approach to view of altruism
- Shift from way of thinking that humans are egoistic and shelfish creatures
Real World Application
Real World Application
- Voluntering (Haski-Leventhal, 2009)
- Nursing (McCamant, 2006)
- Sex offenders therapy (Ward & Durrant, 2013)
Conclusion
Why and when people help?
- Empathy-Altruism hypothesis gives answers rising more questions and intriduce additional variables
- The theory moved discourse of research to selfless approach to altruism and reasons why people help
- The application of theory can be observed in real world such as in the are of volunteering, nursing and even sex offenters treatment
References
Batson, C. D. (2010). Empathy-induced altruistic motivation.
Bierhoff, H. W., & Rohmann, E. (2004). Altruistic personality in the context of the empathy–altruism hypothesis. European Journal of Personality, 18(4), 351-365.
Feigin, S., Owens, G., & Goodyear-Smith, F. (2014). Theories of human altruism: A systematic review. Annals of Neuroscience and Psychology, 1(1), 1-9.
Fischer, P., Krueger, J. I., Greitemeyer, T., Vogrincic, C., Kastenmüller, A., Frey, D., ... & Kainbacher, M. (2011). The bystander-effect: a meta-analytic review on bystander intervention in dangerous and non-dangerous emergencies. Psychological bulletin, 137(4), 517.
McCamant, K. L. (2006). Humanistic nursing, interpersonal relations theory, and the empathy-altruism hypothesis. Nursing Science Quarterly, 19(4), 334-338.
McCamant, K. L. (2006). Humanistic nursing, interpersonal relations theory, and the empathy-altruism hypothesis. Nursing Science Quarterly, 19(4), 334-338.
Rusbult, C. E., & Van Lange, P. A. (2008). Why we need interdependence theory. Social and personality psychology compass, 2(5), 2049-2070.
Schroeder, D. A., Graziano, W. G., Batson, C. D., Lishner, D. A., & Stocks, E. L. (2014). The Empathy—Altruism Hypothesis.
Van Lange, P. A., & Balliet, D. (2015). Interdependence theory.
Ward, T., & Durrant, R. (2013). Altruism, empathy, and sex offender treatment. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 8(3-4), 66.