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Concrete Nouns
Refere-se a objetos e seres que não precisa de outrem para existir.Podendo ser notado através de nossos sentidos.
Abstract
São ideias, sentimentos, estados, qualidades ,ações e profissão , ou seja, precida de outro para existir.
Tais substatantivos podem ser contavéis(countable nouns) ou incontáveis(uncontable nouns)
Countable
De maneira simples é todo substantivo onde podemos quantificar de forma unitária .
I need a glass of water
one chair
two chairs
three computers
one computer
Uncountable
Todos que não entram na definição anterior, ou seja, são visto como um todo, não podendo individualizar.
São : líquidos, abstratos, materiais, massas, grãos, matéria, gases, ideias, semtimentos ou qualidades, doenças e fenomenos naturais
Artigos indefinidos, jamais precedem um uncountable.
I need a water.
uso errado
Mesma forma sing/plural
I need some information.
Possuem seus quantifiers para que possamos conta-los.
here is enough food.
Drink
beer (cerveja)
coffee (café)
juice (suco)
tea (chá)
water (água)
milk (leite)
Abstract idea
advice (conselho)
fun (diversão)
help (ajuda)
information (informação)
pride (orgulho)
Food
bread (pão)
cake (bolo)
meat (carne)
rice (arroz)
spaguetti (espaguete)
Rice (arroz)
Furniture (Mobília)
Portuguese(português)
Geography (Geografia)
steam (vapor)
oxygen (oxigênio)
Depression (depressão)
cancer (câncer)
Anger (raiva)
Courage (coragem)
Breeze (Brisa)
Rain (chuva)
Soccer (futebol)
Chess (xadrez)
Common and Proper nouns
Se por um lado os substantivos comuns designam os seres de uma espécie de forma genérica, por outro os próprios especificam.
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Coletivos
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Final em S
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Plural diferente do singular
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Sing igual ao plural
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Só existem no Singular
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Ideia de n° e quantidade
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Só existem no plural
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Collective Nouns
Indicam um conjunto de coisas ou seres da mesma espécie. Caso seja um coletivo não especifico devemos dizer a que se refere .
A band of birds
a band of men
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Introduction
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To be
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Introduction
William is my friend.
William é meu amigo.
They are American actors.
Eles são atores americanos.
I was a child.
Eu era uma criança.
We were children.
Nós éramos crianças.
I will be very rich.
Eu serei muito rico.
Além do já conhecido ser e estar, o to be também significa ficar(torna-se).
Mary was upset when she heard the News.
Mary ficou contrariada quando ouviu a notícia.
Your mother will be very happy if you pass the exam.
Sua mãe ficará muito feliz se você passar no exame.
I would be very grateful to you.
Eu lhe ficaria muito grato.
Simple Present
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Affirmative form
I am
I'm
You are
You're
He's
He is
She's
She is
It's
It is
We're
We are
You're
You are
They're
They are
Negative form
I'm not
I am not
You aren't
You're not
You are not
He is not
He's not
He isn't
She's not
She is not
She isn't
It's not
It 'isn't
It is not
We're not
We are not
We aren't
You are not
You're not
You aren't
They are not
They're not
They aren't
Interrogative form
Am I ?
Are you ?
Is he ?
Is she ?
Is it ?
Are we ?
Are you ?
Are they ?
Simple Past
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Affirmative form
I was
You were
He was
She was
It was
We were
You were
They were
Negative form
I was not
I wasn't
You weren't
You were not
He wasn't
He was not
She was not
She wasn't
It wasn't
It was not
We weren't
We were not
you weren't
You were not
They weren't
They were not
Interrogative form
Was I ?
Were you ?
Was he ?
Was she ?
Was It ?
Were we ?
Were you ?
Were they ?
Simple Future
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Affirmative form
I will be
I'll be
You will be
You'll be
He'll be
He will be
She will be
She'll be
It'll be
It will be
We will be
We'll be
You'll be
You will be
They will be
They'll be
Interrogative form
Will I be ?
Will you be ?
Will he be ?
Will she be ?
Will it be ?
Will we be ?
Will you be ?
Will they be ?
Negative form
I will not be
I'll not be
I won't be
You'll not be
You will not be
You won't be
He'll not be
He will not be
He won't be
She'll not be
She won't be
She will not be
test test
It'll not be
It will not be
It won't be
We'll not be
We won't be
We will not be
You will not be
You won't be
You'll not be
They'll not be
They won't be
They will not be
Conditional
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Affirmative form
I would be
I'd be
You would be
You'd be
He would be
He'd be
She would be
She'd be
It would be
It'd be
We'd be
We would be
You'd be
You would be
They would be
They'd be
Negative form
I would not be
You would not be
He would not be
She would not be
It would not be
We would not be
You would not be
They would not be
Interrogative form
Would I be
Would you be
Would he be
Would she be
Would it be
Would we be
Would you be
Would they be
Preliminary Remarks
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There be
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Present
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Affirmative form
There is
There are
Negative form
There isn't
There is not
There aren't
There are not
Interrogative form
Is there ?
Are there ?
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Affirmative form
Negative form
There is not
=
There isn't
There are not
=
There aren't
Future
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Affirmative
There will be
Negative form
There will not be
There won't be
Interrogative
Will there be ?
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0
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0
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Degrees of comparison
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São :
For, explicativa
and, nor aditiva
But, adversativa
Or, alternativa
Yet, concessiva
So, conclusiva
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Mix conditional
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