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The Judicial Branch
13
Transcript
The Judicial Branch
A Look Into the Judicial Branch
Structure of the Judicial Branch
How it Works:
Job of the Judicial Branch
Interpret our country's laws!
Judicial Branch Basics
Types of Case
People Involved
- Plaintiff: A person or group who starts a case against another.
- Defendant: Person who is either being sued or accused of a crime.
- Civil Case: Case in which the plaintiff sues the defendant for some damage done. No laws are broken.
- Criminal Case: Case in which a person deliberately or recklessly harms someone or their property. Involves broken laws.
Types of Jurisdiction
- Jurisdiction: A court’s authority to hear a case.
- Appeal: To take a case to a higher court to review the lower court's decision.
Original Jurisdiction
A court’s authority to hear a case first.
Appellate Jurisdiction
A court’s authority to hear appeals.
Concurrent Jurisdiction
Both state and federal courts can hear cases.
Exclusive Jurisdiction
Federal court's authority to hear cases.
U.S. District Courts
- 94 Courts in the US with at least one in every state.
- Original Jurisdiction: Hear cases first.
- Types of Cases: Civil, Criminal
- People Involved: Judge, 12 Jurors, Plaintiff, Defendant
- Decisions: Responsible, Not Responsible, Innocent, Guilty
- If the defendant is found responsible or guilty, they have the right to appeal.
U.S. Circuit/Appeals Courts
- 12 Courts Nationwide + 1 Federal Circuit Court
- Appellate Jurisdiction: Hear appeals from District Courts.
- Types of Cases: Criminal & Civil
- People Involved: 3 Judges, Plaintiff, Defendant
- Decisions: Uphold, Overturn, Remand
- If the court upholds the lowers court's decision, the defendant may appeal to the Supreme Court.
U.S. Supreme Court
- 1 Supreme Court
- Jurisdiction: Original, Appellate
- Types of Cases: Disputes between states, issues involving ambassadors, admiralty/maritime law, appeals dealing with constitutional issues.
- People Involved: 9 Supreme Court Justices, Plaintiff, Defendant
- Decisions: Uphold, Overturn, Remand
- Written Opinions: Justices state their opinion on a case through written statements. They can either agree with the majority, concur with the verdict for different reasons, or dissent (disagree with the court's decision).
- Appointed by the President
- Approved by 2/3 of the Senate
- Serve Life Terms
- Choose the cases they hear!
Supreme Court Justices
Main Job
Judicial Review: Supreme Court's power to review laws and determine whether they are constitutional.
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