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By: Balraj Singh Tanwar
Gaurav Keshari A036
Air pollution is contamination of the indoor or outdoor environment by any chemical, physical or biological agent that modifies the natural characteristics of the atmosphere. Household combustion devices, motor vehicles, industrial facilities and forest fires are common sources of air pollution.
The main 4 types of air pollution is due to Ozone (O3) Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) Carbon monoxide (CO) Sulphur dioxide (SO2).Vehicle emissions, fuel oils and natural gas to heat homes, by-products of manufacturing and power generation, particularly coal-fueled power plants, and fumes from chemical production are the primary sources of human-made air pollution.
Both short- and long-term exposure to air pollution can lead to a wide range of diseases, including stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, trachea, bronchus and lung cancers, aggravated asthma and lower respiratory infections.
Urbanization refers to the population shift from rural to urban areas, the corresponding decrease in the proportion of people living in rural areas, and the ways in which societies adapt to this change.
Economic, political, and social issues merge with circumstances of modernization to make people want to migrate from rural to urban areas. urbanisation can also occur when the natural population increase.
Positive Effects of Urbanization:
1.Creation of employment opportunities.
2.Technological and infrastructural advancements.
3.Improved transportation and communication.
4.Quality educational and medical facilities.
5.Improved standards of living.
Negative effects of urbanisation:
1.Population increase causes housing problems.
2.Overcrowding.
3.Unemployment.
4.Development of Slums.
5.Water and Sanitation Problems.
6.Poor Health and Spread of Diseases.
7.Traffic Congestion.
8.Urban Crime.
One of the most serious impacts of urbanization is air pollution. In cities, there is a high concentration of vehicles and industries, which release harmful pollutants into the air. These pollutants can cause a range of health problems, including respiratory infections, heart disease, and cancer.
Urbanisation, inadequate treatment capacity, and disposal of untreated wastes cause severe pollution in urban and peri-urban areas.
Urbanization refers to the increase in the population of a particular place. It occurs due to the movement of the people from the rural areas to urban areas in search of better job and life. Urbanization is directly proportional to the increase of pollution in that particular place. As the number of people increase in urban areas then the demand of food, clothes and other materials increases due to which more industries come up to supply their needs. More people use more fuel which adds to more pollution. The number of vehicles increase in the urban areas which produces harmful gases like carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and many other harmful gases which causes air pollution.
The industries are the main sources of air pollution which produces harmful gases which is lethal to the people and can cause many diseases related to lungs.
Mainly urbanisation chases air pollution .
- cutting , firing of trees is one of the most major cause of air pollution .
- to built industries , factories etc , it causes air pollution .
Statistics
Air pollution in developing countries tends to be worse than in developed countries because poor countries often lack the technology and resources to fight pollution.
1.Conserve energy - at home, at work, everywhere.
2.Look for the ENERGY STAR label when buying home or office equipment.
3.Carpool, use public transportation, bike, or walk whenever possible.
4.Follow gasoline refueling instructions for efficient vapor recovery, being careful not to spill fuel and always tightening your gas cap securely.
5.Consider purchasing portable gasoline containers labeled “spill-proof,” where available.
6.Keep car, boat, and other engines properly tuned.
7.Be sure your tires are properly inflated.
8.Use environmentally safe paints and cleaning products whenever possible.
9.Mulch or compost leaves and yard waste.
10.Consider using gas logs instead of wood.
11.Switch Energy Supplies
12.Get more of Renewable Energy reasources than Non-renewable reasources
Although urbanization leads to improved global health, air pollution undermines the positive effects of urbanization on health. Developing sustainable urbanization practices is crucial for addressing the challenges of pollution caused by urbanization.
Urbaniztion cannot be stopped hence we need to shift to more sustainable methods of living and developement.
1.https://www.slideshare.net/muhammadyasir7758235/urbanization-on-environment
2.https://www.skymetweather.com/content/weather-news-and-analysis/air-pollution-in-mumbai-points-towards-possible-crisis/
3.https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2022/egusphere-2022-486/#:~:text=Urbanization%20affects%20air%20pollutants%20by,for%20cities%20with%20complex%20terrain.