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Animal Nutrition
74
What is a balanced diet?
Miss Diaz
IGCSE Biology
BalancedDiet
ABOUT
Energy Needs
What drives us
7 essential substances:
1. carbs 4. vitamins
2. proteins 5. minerals
3. fats 6. fibre
7. water!
Gender, age, lifestyle, pregnancy and breast-feeding.
Malnutrition
is caused by not eating a balanced diet. Malnutrition can also be the result of having too much of something in your diet. Like too much fat.... leading to obesity.
Impact
Causes
Causes
-Poverty
-Lack of knowledge
Starvation, constipation
Scurvy
Coronary heart disease, obesity
DIVING DEEPER
-water -protein
-vitamins (C & D) -fats
-fibre -water
-minerals
-carbohydrates
Nutrients
Vitamins: organic substances needed in tiny amounts.
Minerals: inorganic substances needed in tiny amounts.
Fibre: keeps alimentary canal working properly.
Fats: saturated fats are found in animals and also contain cholesterol. Unsaturated fat are found in vegetable oils and fish.
Recap + some
Big molecules made from smaller ones:
Cellulose from glucose
Starch & glycogen from glucose
Proteins from amino acids
Fats & oils from fatty acids + glycerol
Alimentary Canal
Alimentary Canal:
Long coiled tube through which food passes
A.C Cont.
Steps from mouth to toilet
1. Ingestion
2. Mechanical digestion
3. Chemical digestion
taking in of substances
breakdown of food into smaller pieces w/out chemical change of the food molecules.
eg. food and drink through mouth.
breakdown of large insolubles molecules into small soluble molecules
4. Absorption
6. Egestion
5. Assimilation
movements of small food molecules and ions through the wall of the intestine into the blood
movement of digested food molecules into the cells of the body where they are used, becoming part of the cell
passing out of food that has not been digested or absorbed as faeces through the anus.
Activity
Match
starch
protease
lipase
fat
protein
amylase
Fill in the blank
1. ______food which would not be digested or absorbed is removed from the body.
2. ______ the small molecules are absorbed into the blood.
3. _____Food is taken into the alimentary canal. Food & drink.
4. _____Large insoluble molecules of food are broken down to small molecules.