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Period 2
Sept. 27, 2018
Amanda Do, Lindsey Angulo, Dominique Waddell, Evan Nguyen
In the eukaryotic cell, the nuclear envelope, the endoplasmic reticulum, the golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, vacuoles, and the plasma membrane are the various parts of the endomembrane system. These structures perform metabolic functions and control protein traffic within the cell.
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Reprinted from slideserve, 2018
A large network of membranes that forms a series of sacs make up more than half of total membranes in many eukaryotic cells.
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Reprinted from ajweinmann, 2018².
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Function:
- vary depending on cell type
- synthesis of steroid hormones
- detoxification of drugs
- conversion of glycogen to glucose
- storage unit for calcium ions
Appearance:
- a long network of folded, tube-like structures.
- lumen: the interior of the smooth ER.
- cytoplasm: a gel like substance found within the cell.
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Reprinted from Teara, 2018
Reprinted from Cell World Fo Life, 2018
Rough ENdoplasmic Reticulum
Appearance:
- named for its physical appearance
- studded with ribosomes
- lies adjacent to the nucleus
- membrane is continuous with the outer membrane.
Function:
- ribosomes: particle present in large numbers which serves as the site of protein synthesis.
- Overall function is to synthesize proteins
- Several different destinations after synthesis
- can send rapid signals to nucleus
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Reprinted from Brain Cells by Emily Sharrets, 2018
Reprinted from The School of Biomedical Sciences, 2018
Nuclear Envelope
- Nuclear Envelope: double membrane composed of an inner and outer phospholipid bilayer
- inner surface binds chromatin and contents of the nucleus
- perforations on envelope act as transport routes for molecules
- pores are surrounded by nuclear pore complex
- molecules allowed into nucleus:
- nucleotides
- adenosine triphosphate
- have special amino acid sequences
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Reprinted from Molecular Cell Biology, 2018
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Membrane-bound sacs composed of a lipid bilayer that function in storage and transport.
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Reprinted from VectorStock, 2018
Function
Function
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Reprinted from Study.com, 2018
4 Types
Vacuoles
Lysosomes
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reprinted from Study.com, 2018
Transport Vesicles
Secretory Vesicles
Vacuoles are cytoplasmic organelles that are only found in plant cells
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Reprinted from lifeofplant, 2018
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Reprinted from Biology4Kids,2018
Membrane-bound sac of hydrolytic enzymes that an animal cell uses to digest, or hydrolyze, macromolecules.
Lysosomal Enzymes
Lysosomal Enzymes
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Reprinted from NCBI, 2018
Intracellular Digestion
Phagocytosis: when amoebas and protists eating smaller organisms and food particles
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Reprinted from keywordsuggest.com, 2018
Autopaghy
AutoPhagy
Autopaghyocytosis: the process in which old/ damaged organelles or macromolecules are recycled for renewal of the cell
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Reprinted from NCBI, 2018
Lysosomal Storage Disease
diseases
Example:
This organelle, bounded by membranes, is found in eukaryotic cells. It is responsible for sorting, transporting, receiving, and some manufacturing of cell products.
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Reprinted from timvandevall, 2018
The stack of golgi consists of 2 sides:
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The golgi apparatus is made of cisternae. They are often compared to as looking like stacks of pita bread.
Cis Face: where substances enter for processing
Trans Face: where substances exit in a smaller detached form of vesicles
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Reprinted from britannica, 2018
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Reprinted from istockphoto, 2018
Function
Transport vesicles arrive to golgi complex after departing from ER. They keep and change ER products before sending them to other locations in the cell.
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Reprinted from academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu, 2018
The Plasma membrane is the outer border of the cell controls what gets in and out of the cell
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Reprinted from assignmentpoint, 2018
Lipids, Proteins and Carbohydrates
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Phospholipids
Phospholipids
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Reprinted from LumenLearning, 2018
In a cell, an essential structure for compartmental organization is the endomembrane system. With the help of transport vesicles, substances coming from the ER, such as membranes/proteins, flow to the Golgi body. It is then modified and transported to specific parts of the cell.
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Reprinted from Quora, 2018
American Medical Association Citations
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2. Syshe. ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM. SlideServe. https://www.slideserve.com/syshe/endomembrane-system. Published July 26, 2014. Accessed September 26, 2018.
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2. A Tourists Guide to Cellville. Wordpress Website. https://ajweinmann.wordpress.com/endoplasmic-reticulum/ Accessed September 25, 2018.
3. Super Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum. Cell World Fo Life Website. https://sites.google.com/site/cellworldfolife/super-smooth-endoplasmic-reticulum. Accessed September 25, 2018
4. Heritage Te Manatu Taonga. Red coral. Māori clothing and adornment – kākahu Māori – Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand. https://teara.govt.nz/en/photograph/4736/red-coral. Published July 9, 2013. Accessed September 26, 2018.
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1. Lumen Learning. Biology for Majors I. Lumen. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-biology1/chapter/reading-vesicles/. Accessed September 20, 2018.
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3. Vesicles: Definition and Function. Study.com. https://study.com/academy/lesson/vesicles-definition-function-quiz.html. Accessed September 20, 2018.
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5. Vesicles Present in Plant and Animal Cells: 4 Main Functions According to their Types Biology. Biology Discussion. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/cell/vesicles-present-in-plant-and-animal-cells-4-main-functions-according-to-their-types-biology/1840. Published August 27, 2015. Accessed September 20, 2018.
6. Reece JB, Urry LA, Cain ML, Wasserman SA, Minorsky PV, Jackson RB, Campbell NA. Campbell Biology. Boston: Pearson Learning Solutions; 2014.
7. payment O-time, Download images on-demand (1 credit = $1). Minimum purchase of 30., Choose a monthly plan. Unused downloads automatically roll into following month., needed. O-off payment no signup, Download images on-demand (1 credit = $1). Exocytosis vesicle transport cell membrane vector image on VectorStock. VectorStock. https://www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free-vector/exocytosis-vesicle-transport-cell-membrane-vector-16082348. Accessed September 21, 2018.
1.Britannica TEof E. Vacuole. Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/vacuole. Published August 27, 2014. Accessed September 26, 2018.
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1. Britannica TEof E. Lysosome. Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/lysosome. Published September 16, 2018. Accessed September 20, 2018.
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5. Vesicles Present in Plant and Animal Cells: 4 Main Functions According to their Types Biology. Biology Discussion. http://www.biologydiscussion.com/cell/vesicles-present-in-plant-and-animal-cells-4-main-. Published August 27, 2015. Accessed September 20, 2018.
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2. Vall Tvan de. Printable Animal Cell Diagram – Labeled, Unlabeled, and Blank. Tim's Printables. https://www.timvandevall.com/science/animal-cell-diagram/. Published October 12, 2017. Accessed September 24, 2018.
3. Rogers K. Golgi apparatus. Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/Golgi-apparatus. Published August 9, 2018. Accessed September 24, 2018.
4. Yurly A. Stack of pita bread isolated on white background. iStock. https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/stack-of-pita-bread-isolated-on-white-background-gm978250830-265906902. Accessed September 25, 2018.
5. Untitled Document. academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu. http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/endosys2.htm. Accessed September 25, 2018.
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1.Structure of the plasma membrane. Khan Academy. https://www.khanacademy.org/science/high-school-biology/hs-cells/hs-the-cell-membrane/a/structure-of-the-plasma-membrane. Accessed September 26, 2018.
1. Reece JB, Urry LA, Cain ML, Wasserman SA, Minorsky PV, Jackson RB, Campbell NA. Campbell Biology. Boston: Pearson Learning Solutions; 2014.
2. Halmeck W. How is the endomembrane system of a cell comprised? How is the endomembrane system of a cell comprised? https://www.quora.com/How-is-the-endomembrane-system-of-a-cell-comprised. Published July 20, 2016. Accessed September 25, 2018.