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Living Proof: Evidential Crosshairs
2
By
Your Old Favorite Teacher
LIVING PROOF: EVIDENTIAL CROSSHAIRS
LOGICAL EVIDENCE
EVIDENCE
The character, Hermoine Granger (Harry Potter) is a modern example of a PURELY LOGICAL character. Her conclusions and arguments are based on logic with sound reasons and facts.
When writers use logic to support their texts, they emphasize sound reasoning or facts or both. They may also use their logic to support or reject the conclusion of an argument.
EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE
EMPIRICAL
Empirical evidence is evidence that is based on scientific research. Most often, you will find empirical evidence in science texts or books that focus on research or studies.
EXAMPLE: Let’s pretend GRANT IS A DOCTOR AND WANTS TO LOWER STOMACH ACHES TO REDUCE TOILET DESTRUCTION ACTIVITIES, AND ULTIMATELY AVOID PUBLIC EMBARSSMENTS. HE LEARNS THAT A DRUG CALLED UNPLUGENOL SLOWS DOWN DIGESTION AND REDUCES STOMACH PAINS. HE ALSO KNOWS THAT RUNNING RANDOM CONTROL GROUPS TO WORK OUT ISSUES IS NECESSARY. SO HE RUNS A TRIAL AND DETERMINES THAT UNPLUGENOL DOES STATISTICALLY REDUCE STOMACH PAIN TO THE GROUP THAT TOOK THE PLACEBO.
STILL NOT EMPIRICISM...
THE PROBLEM IS THAT WHEN YOU INCLUDE THE EFFECT ON TOILET DESTRUCTION ACTIVITIES, EVEN THOUGH UNPLUGENOL DOES REDUCE STOMACH ACHES LIKE OTHER DRUGS, IT DOES NOT REDUCE THE AMOUNT OF TOILET DESTRUCTION BY MUCH. SOME REASONING MAY HAVE TOLD YOU THAT REDUCING STOMACH PAINS MEANS LESS TOILET DESTRUCTION, BUT EMPIRICALLY IT IS NOT TRUE>
ANECDOTAL EVIDENCE
ANECDOTAL
Anecdotal evidence is evidence based on personal experience. Anecdotes are brief narratives or stories that often serve to make a point. Not based on facts per se, but based on convincing stories and experience.
Ex. I know a person who...
Ex. when I was on my way...
Ex. Well, this one time...