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Transcript

Jeffry Nielsen

MUSC-3221

Music History

Antiquity

All music Pre-1400

Generally monophonic or homophonic in texture, with some early polyphony.

Music is generally A Capella or accompanied by a drone.

Leonin

Léonin was the first known significant composer of polyphonic organum. He was probably French, probably lived and worked in Paris at the Notre Dame Cathedral and was the earliest member of the Notre Dame school of polyphony and the ars antiqua style who is known by name.

Viderunt Omnes:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_p9WQlyVPrA

Perotin

Perotin

Pérotin was a composer associated with the Notre Dame school of polyphony in Paris and the broader ars antiqua musical style of high medieval music. He is credited with developing the polyphonic practices of his predecessor, Léonin, with the introduction of three and four-part harmonies.

Allelua Nativitas:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mNMQu5LXaeI

Hildegard Von Bingen

Hildegard of Bingen, also known as Saint Hildegard and the Sibyl of the Rhine, was a German Benedictine abbess and polymath active as a writer, composer, philosopher, mystic, visionary, and as a medical writer and practitioner during the High Middle Ages.

O pastor animarum:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=taanHO13WXE

Renaissance

~ 1400 - 1600 A.D.

More polyphony used in music, especially imitative polyphony.

New forms included the Madrigal and the Motet.

Instrumental accompaniment became more common.

William Byrd

First composer to receive a license to print music from the Queen in England.

Composed many Madrigals and Motets, uses imitative polyphony.

Lullaby, My Sweet Little Baby

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m2B2s5bx_UM

Palestrina

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina

Famous for saving polyphony in the Catholic Church

Sicut Cervus:

https://youtu.be/jAjNZ4ug1j8

Josquin des Prez

Highly regarded as one of the most influential composers of the Renaissance

Central figure of the Franco-Flemish School.

First master of the Renaissance Polyphonic style.

Ave Maria... Virgo Serena:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qUNzi900ZJw

Baroque

~ 1600 - 1750 A.D.

The Music is characterized by long, elaborate, ornamented lines and phrases, terraced dynamics, and complex counterpoint

Baroque

J.S. Bach

German Composer, generally known for his complex orchestral works.

B Minor Mass:

https://youtu.be/3FLbiDrn8IE?t=1182

J.S. Bach

Orlando Gibbons

English composer and keyboard player who was one of the last masters of the English Virginalist School and English Madrigal School.

The Silver Swan:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZYvZvAihBP0

Orlando Gibbons

George Frideric Handel

George Frideric Handel

German-British composer known for his Operas, Oratorios, Anthems, and Organ Concertos

How Dark, O Lord, are Thy Decrees:

https://youtu.be/JubNpYzF_cY

Modern

~ 1900 - Present

No real defining characteristics of modern music. Lots of experimentation, and quickly changing styles.

Modern

Ola Gjeilo

Norwegian pianist and composer. Attended Julliard School of Music. He writes choral music, and has written for piano and wind symphony, publishing through Walton Music, Edition Peters, and Boosey and Hawkes.

The Spheres: The Sunrise Mass:

https://youtu.be/1LXp0uys3z8

Vaughn Williams

Ralph Vaughn Williams

English composer. His works include operas, ballets, chamber music, secular and religious vocal pieces and orchestral compositions including nine symphonies, written over sixty years.

Greensleeves:

https://youtu.be/utyWd7I-10A

Rachmaninoff

Sergei Rachmaninoff

Russian composer, virtuoso pianist, and conductor. Rachmaninoff is widely considered one of the finest pianists of his day and, as a composer of the last great representatives of Romanticism in Russian classical music.

Voskreseniye Khristovo Videvshe:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VCxmo2IY1q4

Classical

~ 1750 - 1830 A.D.

Continued much of the Baroque tradition with new emphasis on simplicity and elegance.

Mainly Homophonic textures.

Dynamics dictated more often, gradual crescendos and decrescendos instead of terraced dynamics.

Mozart

Child prodigy and prolific composer. Composed more than 800 works in a relatively short lifespan. Especially known for his Operas.

Ave Verum Corpus:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uduY8lh6B_Q

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Haydn

Franz Joseph Haydn

First member of the First Viennese School, and defining member of the classical style. Known as the "Father of the Symphony" and "Father of the String Quartet"

The Heavens are Telling from: The Creation:

https://youtu.be/yTYJm5Ae0Xo

Romantic

~ 1830 - 1900 A.D.

The Romantic era is marked by personal expression, individuality and experimentation.

Romantic

Mendelssohn

German pianist and composer. Composed in most genres of his time. Known for his choral works and Oratorios.

Die Nachtigall:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dB14UOUBMQA

Felix Mendelssohn

Brahms

Johannes Brahms

German pianist, conductor and composer. Specifically known for his choral and orchestral works, and his contribution to German Lieder.

Triumplied:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xAzzBuWNe_k

Beethoven

Ludwig Van Beethoven

Transitional composer between the Classical and Romantic eras. Especially known for his intense symphonies. Composed many of his later works after having gone deaf.

Symphony 9 "Ode to Joy":

https://youtu.be/XFRfzCiVx_Y?t=343

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