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Green Architecture
10
HOLOCAUST HISTORY MUSEUM, YAD VASHEM
AR.MOSHE SAFDIE
By
Finn seguin
Aishwarya Revathikumar
Pierina Schmitt pomarico
Vera ferreira lima
Savan B. Patel
OVERVIEW
Yad Vashem Holocaust History Museum in Har Hazikaron, Jerusalem was designed by Canadian/Israeli Architect Moshe Safdie. The building project was done for Holocaust Martyrs’ and Heroes’ Remembrance Authority.
Originally established in 1957
Started planning for the extension -1993
The new museum opened - March of 2005.
Building’s area - 4200 square metres
Total cost - $90 million after completion.
Overview
Moshe Safdie
Moshe Safdie was born July 14, 1938, of Haifa, Israel. He studied at McGill University and graduated with an architecture degree in 1961. After apprenticing in Philadelphia, with a well known American architect, Louis Kahn. His work on Habitat 67 earned him the 1967 Construction Man of the Year Award and the building was later named a historic monument in Quebec.
During the 1970’s Safdie opened a branch of his architecture office in Jerusalem and started collaborating with different projects to rebuild the old city.
He has lots of projects in Canada and also in other countries. We can highlight the following buildings: The Ben Gurion International Airport (Tel Aviv), the United States Institute of Peace Headquarters (Washington D.C), the Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art (Bentonville Arkansas), The expansion of Ottawa’s City Hall (Ottawa), The National Gallery of Canada (Ottawa), the Musée de la Civilisation (Quebec City), the major addition and renovation of Montreal Museum of Fine Arts (Montreal), and the new terminal at the Pearson Toronto Airport (Toronto), along with others.
He was honored with the AIA 2015 prize in recognition of “a significant body of work of lasting influence on the theory and practice of architecture” (AIA website).
HISTORY
reason why
Yad Vashem, which in Hebrew means “a place and a name”, is Israel’s Official Holocaust Memorial, whose denomination was taken from a Book of Isaiah.
The foundation of a memorial for Jewish victims of the Nazi Holocaust was first proposed in September of 1942, during World War II, but it was not opened to the public until 1957.
The main scopes of Yad Vashem are: education, research and documentation and commemoration. Meaning, apart from the museum, the complex is also a research institute focusing on the Holocaust, with the goal of supporting and encouraging young and senior scholars worldwide on the history of the Holocaust and its related topics.
WHY WAS IT BUILT ?
“According to Avner Shalev, the museum's curator and chairman, a visit to the new museum revolves around looking into the eyes of the individuals. There weren't six million victims, there were six million individual murders."
(Chris McGreal (2005-03-15).
"This is ours and ours alone". Guardian. Retrieved 2014-02-25)
Exhibition space presents the Holocaust while focusing on personal stories of victims and survivors through a range of multimedia, letters, artwork and other personal items donated by survivors or found in the camps and ghettos.
Yad vashem also honours the non-jews ,who risked their lives to save jews during the holocaust
WHY WAS IT BUILT ?
parti
Safdie’s goal with this project’s design was to reproduce a story through the building that would generate an interesting, educational, and emotional experience for its visitors.
parti
“The story of the Holocaust is too terrible, uniquely cruel and shameless in the annals of civilization, to be told in normal ‘galleries,' traditional architectural constructions with doors, window frames, hardware and other detailing."
(SAFDIE, 2009, 12 January)
GEOMETRY OF MUSEUM
GEOMETRY
" For the new museum, cutting through the mountains and bursting northward, dramatically cantilevering the structure over the Jerusalem pine forest to provide views of the hills beyond, took this life-affirming experience to another level. To stand on the extended terrace, the side walls of the prism curving away from the site seemingly to infinity, and see the fresh green of the recently planted forest with its great sense of renewal and the urbanizing hills beyond is to understand that, indeed, life prevailed. We prevailed."
Idealogy of Ar.Moshe Safdie on the geometry
GEOMETRY - HALL OF NAMES
GEOMETRY - HALL OF NAMES
The main hall is composed of two cones:
one ten meters high, with a reciprocal well-like cone excavated into the underground rock, its base filled with water,
while the upper cone is a display featuring 600 photographs of Holocaust victims and fragments of Pages of Testimony.
These are reflected in the water at the bottom of the lower cone, commemorating those victims whose names remain unknown.
Surrounding the platform is the circular repository, housing the approximately 2.2 million Pages of Testimony collected, with empty spaces for those yet to be submitted.
Geometry of the musuem
The historic museum consists of a mostly underground prismatic structure
height- 16.5 meters
length- 183 meters
It cuts through the Yad Vashem hillside, penetrating from the south to the north.
A network of skylight underground galleries lines both sides of the prism.
Geometry of the musuem
CONTEXT
CONTEXT
TOPOGRAPHY AND VEGETATION
In the past, Jerusalem was surrounded by forests of almond, olive and pine trees. Over the years, these forests were destroyed. The region farmers thus built stone terraces along the slopes to hold back the soil.
T & V
ORIENTATION
The building is inserted on a hill and it is almost entirely constructed underground. It’s oriented Northwest and Southeast, located near a suburban environment, although because it is inserted in a complex to the side of the city, we can consider it greenfield.
SEPARATION
The building that occupies the museum is open Sunday to Thursday, with free entrance and is entirely accessible to the public, as administration areas are located in other buildings of the complex.
CLIMATE
The climate is Mediterranean with hot and dry summers and mild and wet winters. Snow generally occurs once or twice a winter.
Relationship to the site
Relationship to the site
The location of Yad Vashem on the western side of Mount Herzl, an area devoid of weighty historical associations, was chosen to convey a symbolic message of "rebirth" after the destruction (Edrei, Arye (2007-06-07). "Holocaust Memorial". In Doron Mendels. On Memory: An Interdisciplinary Approach. p. 43. ISBN 978-3-03911-064-3).
STRUCTURE
STRUCTURE
CROSS SECTION
PLAN
structure types
There are two types of structure were used, different for Hall of names, Prism corridor and Halls.
1. Truss - Prism and Hall of names
2. Wall Bearing (Load Bearing) - For Halls and Rooms
structure types
Truss Strc.
Wall Bearing Strc.
CONSTRUCTION
Materials
1. Steel
2. Concrete
3. Woods
4. Glass
Materials
Circulation
circulation
The central corridor is endowed with obstacles that define a zigzag route for access to each of the galleries in the museum.
others
video
references 1
Parti:
Chris McGreal (2005-03-15). "'This is ours and ours alone'". Guardian. Retrieved 2014-02-25
Mc Gill Library Bibliothèque. Moshie Safdie Archive. Retrieved September,2017, from:
http://cac.mcgill.ca/moshesafdie/biography.html
Image01: Moshie Safdie architecture office webpage. Retrieved September,2017,from:
http://www.msafdie.com/file/3026.jpg
Image02: Electronic Architecture Newsletter. Retrieved September,2017,from:
https://en.wikiarquitectura.com/building/yad-vashem-holocaust-history-museum/#lg=1&slide=2
Geometry:
Image03: World Architecture information: On Line Architecture resource. Retrieved September, 2017, from:
https://www.e-architect.co.uk/images/jpgs/architects/holocaust_history_museum_ms110809.jpg
Image 04: Word Press information: Retrieved September,2017,from:
https://qkrgpwns92.files.wordpress.com/2014/03/yad-vashem-holocaust-history-museum-moshe-safdie-006.jpg
Images 05,06 and 07: The Yad Vashem Institute webpage. Retrieved September,2017,from:
http://www.yadvashem.org/museum/holocaust-history-museum
Geometry Hall of Names:
Images 08: Retrieved September, 2017, from:
http://yourholidayhomes.com/images/content/thinks/67/orig-3032.jpg
Image 09 and 10: Retrieved September, 2017, from:
https://www.touristisrael.com/wp-content/uploads/Yad-Vashem-Hall-of-Names-240x282.jpg
Images 11and 12: Retrieved September, 2017, from:
http://www.yadvashem.org/museum/holocaust-history-museum/galleries/the-world-that-was
Image 13: Retrieved September, 2017, from:
https://en.wikiarquitectura.com/building/yad-vashem-holocaust-history-museum/
Other:
http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/moshe-safdie/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yad_Vashem
https://i.pinimg.com/736x/16/8b/84/168b841f619e892727e3a8d609be1c81--jerusalem-israel-history-museum.jpg
https://www.slideshare.net/aamir_asharf/habitat-67-yad-vashem-by-moshe-safidie
https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/5016/3be3/28ba/0d15/9800/1259/slideshow/stringio.jpg?1414084656
http://www.yadvashem.org/education/about-school
http://www.msafdie.com/projects/yadvashemholocausthistorymuseum
http://www.yadvashem.org/museum/holocaust-history-museum
Chris McGreal (2005-03-15). "'This is ours and ours alone'". Guardian. Retrieved 2014-02-25
Reference 2
Reference 2
Context:
The Yad Vashem Institute webpage. Retrieved September,2017,from: http://www.yadvashem.org
Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yad_Vashem
Image17: Published by the Moshie Safdie Archive, Rare Books and Special Collections, McGill University Library, 2015.
Circulation:
Image 14 Slideshare website. Retrieved September,2017,from:
https://www.slideshare.net/aamir_asharf/habitat-67-yad-vashem-by-moshe-safidie
Structure:
Image15 Retrieved September,2017 from
https://i.pinimg.com/736x/f7/b0/b6/f7b0b608e3596406463bdfa9d902510b--jerusalem-israel-history-museum.jpg
Image 16 Wiki architecture.Retrieved September,2017 from:
https://www.google.ca/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiY957FhLLWAhUJ5YMKHZWuDcQQjB0IBg&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikiarquitectura.com%2Fbuilding%2Fyad-vashem-holocaust-history-museum%2F&psig=AFQjCNH13yQmZnU5N8PfEXnADtRpmVNiBQ&ust=1505937451848682
Image 18.Retrieved September,2017 from:
https://i.pinimg.com/236x/10/8c/3e/108c3e69c161c22fbe00f48f83203e4d.jpg
Image 19.The Yad Vashem Institute webpage. Retrieved September,2017,from: http://www.yadvashem.org/sites/default/files/styles/main_image_1block/public/june2003.jpg?itok=sFYLeQfM
Image 20.The Yad Vashem Institute webpage. Retrieved September,2017,from:
http://www.yadvashem.org/sites/default/files/styles/main_image/public/aug2002_2.jpg?itok=DHZOrUtK
Image 21.The Yad Vashem Institute webpage. Retrieved September,2017,from:
http://www.yadvashem.org/sites/default/files/styles/main_image_1block/public/march2002.jpg?itok=W9AjdMZs
Aerial View:
Image 22.The Yad Vashem Institute webpage. Retrieved September,2017,from:
http://www.yadvashem.org/sites/default/files/styles/main_image/public/aug2002_2.jpg?itok=DHZOrUtK
General Information on Architect:
http://cac.mcgill.ca/moshesafdie/biography.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moshe_Safdie
http://images.adsttc.com/media/images/55f9/a4f5/e58e/ce10/1700/0339/large_jpg/open-uri20150916-26466-hh1uip.jpg?1442424037