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Design Efficient Millimeter Wave Antenna For 5G communication systems
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Design Efficient Millimeter Wave Antenna For 5G communication systems
Supervised by
Dr.Mohamed EL-Morsy
The
Team
Who's in the Team
Omar Abd El-Aziz
Omar Gamal Shehta
Mahmoud Adel Emam
Youssef Hussien Ismail
Nyra Mamdouh
Yasmina Ahmed said
Contents
OUTLINE
Objectives
Objectives
- Design an Efficient mm- Massive MIMO Antenna For 5G communication Systems
- Reach Accepteble Results :
- Radiated Frequency between Range 27 and 40 GHz
- Gain 8dB
- Return Loss
- High Band width
- Fabricate and Measure Design
Introduction
Antenna is reciprocal device, it can be defined as " the transition between a guided EM wave and a free space EM wave and vice versa".
Introduction
parbolic Reflector Antenna
Antenna Classifications
- Operating Frequency
- size
- physical shape
- Directivity
Antenna Types
Antenna Parameters
Antenna Parameters
Omnidirectional
Radiation Pattern
Isotropic
Directional Pattern
Parameters(Beamwidths)
Directional
the ratio of the radiation intensity in a given direction from the antenna to the radiation intensity averaged over all directions
Directivity
It is the direction of electric field in free space
Polarization
the Ratio of the Intensity in given Direction to the radiation intensty that would obtained if the power accepted by the Antenna were Radiated Isotrobical
Gain
range of frequencies on either side of a center frequency
- For narrowband antennas, the bandwidth is expressed as a percentage of the frequency difference (upper minus lower) over the center frequency of the bandwidth this called as fractional bandwidth of the antenna (FBW).
Bandwidth
Za
the impedance presented by an antenna at its terminals or the ratio of the voltage to current at a pair of terminals or the ratio of the appropriate components of the electric to magnetic fields at a point
Input Impedance
Antenna Field Regions
Measurment
units
Steradian
The measure of a solid angle is a steradian.
solid Angel
decibel ( dB)
G (dB ) = 10 log G (ratio )
D (dB ) = 10 log D (ratio )
Gain
& Directivity
Units for antenna gain listed in :
dB:
"decibels".
dBi:
"decibels relative to an isotropicn antenna".
dBd:
"decibels relative to a dipole antenna".
dB = dBi = dBd + 2.15
Microstrip Antenna
consists of a
- conducting patch on one side of
- a dielectric substrate
- with a ground plane on other side
- it is a popular printed resonant antenna
- The rectangular and circular patches are the basic and most commonly used microstrip antennas
- These patches are used for the simplest and the most demanding applications.
Microstrip Antenna
Advantages
Advantages
- Low profile
- Easy to fabricate
- Easy to feed
- Easy to use in an array to increase the directivity.
- conformable to planar and nonplanar surfaces
- Easy to use in an array
Disadvantages
- Low bandwidth
- low efficiency
- Only used at microwave frequencies and above
- Cannot handle extremely large amounts of power
- spurious feed radiation (undesired radiation)
Disadvantages
Applications
- Satellite communications
- Microwave communications
- Cell phone antennas
- GPS antennas
Applications
Feeding Techniques
Advantages
- Easy to fabricate.
- simple to match by controlling the inset position.
- easily compatible with arrays.
Microstrip Line Feed
Disadvantages
- narrow bandwidth
- Significant probe (feed) radiation for thicker substrates
- Increased probe length For thicker substrates.
- Not easily compatible with arrays
Advantage
- Simple.
- Directly compatible with coaxial cables
- Easy to obtain input match by adjusting feed position
Coaxial Line feed
Disadvantage
- narrow bandwidth
- Significant probe (feed) radiation for thicker substrates
- Increased probe length For thicker substrates.
- Not easily compatible with arrays
Aperture coupling
Advantages:
- Feed-line radiation is isolated from patch radiation
- Higher bandwidth is possible
- Allows for use of different substrates to optimize antenna
Disadvantages:
- Requires multilayer fabrication
- Alignment is important for input match
Proximity coupling
Advantages:
- eliminate spurious feed radiation
- provide very high bandwidth (as high as 13%).
- Allows for use of different substrates to optimize antenna and feed-circuit performance
Disadvantages:
- Requires multilayer fabrication
- Alignment is important for input match
Compare
5G era
- 5G Wireless: 5th generation wireless technology
- Complete wireless communication with almost
- no limitations
- Can be called REAL wireless world
- Has incredible transmission speed
- Concept is only theory not real
- The concept is now being implemented in many countries
5G
fEATURES
5G Apllications
Applications
- High-speed mobile network
- Entertainment and multimedia
- Internet of Things - Connecting everything
- Smart Home
- Logistics and shipping
- Smart cities
- Healthcare and mission critical
- applications
Enabling Technologies
Beamforming
Small cells
mm Wave
The ITU released a list of proposed globally viable frequencies between 24 GHz and 86 GHz after the most recent World Radiocommunications Conference:
24.25–27.5 GHz 45.5–50.2 GHz
31.8–33.4 GHz 50.4–52.6 GHz
37–40.5 GHz 66–76 GHz
40.5–42.5 GHz 81–86 GHz
The use of multiple antennas, also known as multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) technology.
MIMO Technology Categories
Massive MIMO
POINT TO POINT
MIMO
The simplest form of MIMO: a base station equipped with an antenna array M serves a terminal equipped with an antenna array K.
Multiuser MIMO
the Multiuser MIMO scenario is obtained from the Point-to-Point MIMO setup by breaking up the K-antenna terminal into multiple independent terminals
Massive MIMO
Massive MIMO is a useful and scalable version of Multiuser MIMO.
There are three fundamental distinctions between Massive MIMO and conventional Multiuser MIMO:
First, only the base station learns G.
Second, M is typically much larger than K.
Third, simple linear signal processing
Advantages of Massive MIMO
Advantages
- The higher data rate can be achieved with the help of multiple antennas
- Takes advantage of Multipath propagation.
- Increased Capacity.
- Increased Quality.
- The systems with MIMO offers high QoS (Quality of Service) with increased Spectral Efficiency.
- Multiplexing gain.
- Reliability.
- Energy efficiency.
- RF components cost reduction.
- Using simple linear processing.
Simulation Tools
Software for antenna design can be selected based on antenna type and size.
- Choosing the right technique for solving an antenna problem is important, as choosing the wrong one can either result in incorrect results.
- There are many types of simulation tools differ according to applications they are applied for, user-friendliness, approximate cost and range of vendor libraries. Well-known companies, such as AWR, Agilent and Ansoft
Simulation tool
CST
- CST stands for (Computer Simulation Technology) is a software package which can simulate and solve all electromagnetic problems .
- CST works in Time Domain simulation. It is based on FIT method (Finite Integral Technique) which deals with integral equations instead of differential.
- CST enables the fast and accurate analysis of high frequency (HF) devices such as antennas, filters, couplers and planar.
Steps of Desgining Microstrip Antenna using CST
steps of Design
2 stages of desgin
Parameters of Single element
Substrate :
Dielectric Material: low loss Teflon-based RT/duroid 5880
Dielectric constant: 2.2
Loss Tangent: 0.0009
Thickness(h): 0.381 mm
substrate width : 8 mm
substrate length : 8.66 mm
Theoretical
Calculations
Patch :
patch width : 4.232
patch length : 3.27
thickness : 0.008 mm or 8 micro
Feeder:
feeder length : 3.89474 mm
feeder width : 1.187 mm
gap : 0.1 mm
in patch slot = 1.35 mm
incrimental gap = +0.01 both sids only
Simulation & Results