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Comparatives and Superlatives

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Comparatives

Comparative adjectives are used to compare differences between the two objects they modify (larger, smaller, faster, higher). They are used in sentences where two nouns are compared, in this pattern:

Noun (subject) + verb + comparative adjective + than + noun (object).

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We use THAN when we want to compare one thing with another:

She is two years older than me.

New York is much bigger than Boston.

He is a better player than Ronaldo.

France is a bigger country than Britain.

When we want to describe how something or someone changes we can use two comparatives with and:

The balloon got bigger and bigger.

Everything is getting more and more expensive.

Grandfather is looking older and older.

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We often use THE with comparative adjectives to show that one thing depends on another:

The faster you drive, the more dangerous it is.

(= When you drive faster, it is more dangerous.)

The higher they climbed, the colder it got.

(= When they climbed higher, it got colder.)

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We use comparative adjectives to show change or make comparisons:

This car is certainly better but it’s much more expensive.

I’m feeling happier now.

We need a bigger garden

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Superlatives

Superlative adjectives are used to describe an object which is at the upper or lower limit of a quality (the tallest, the smallest, the fastest, the highest). They are used in sentences where a subject is compared to a group of objects.

Noun (subject) + verb + the + superlative adjective + noun (object).

We use the with superlative adjectives:

It was the happiest day of my life.

Everest is the highest mountain in the world.

That’s the best film I have seen this year.

I have three sisters: Jan is the oldest and Angela is the youngest.

How to use

Spelling rules

The comparatives and superlatives have similar ways to make the spellings.

ONE SYLLABLE ADJECTIVES

Add -er for the comparative and -est for the superlative. If the adjective has a consonant + single vowel + consonant spelling, the final consonant must be doubled before adding the ending.

ONE SYLLABLE ADJECTIVES

TWO SYLLABLES

For comparative we add -er or preceed the adjective with more.

For superlative we add -est or preceed the adjective with most.

In many cases, both forms are used, although one usage will be more common than the other. If you are not sure whether a two-syllable adjective can take a comparative or superlative ending, play it safe and use more and most instead.

For adjectives ending in y, change the y to an i before adding the ending.

TWO SYLLABLES

THREE OR MORE SYLLABLES

Adjectives with three or more syllables form the comparative by putting more in front of the adjective, and the superlative by putting most in front.

THREE OR MORE SYLLABLES

IRREGULAR COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES

IRREGULAR

These very common adjectives have completely irregular comparative and superlative forms.

Activities

Check it out: Page 25

Your turn: Page 26 (1,2,3 and 4)

Activities

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