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Jim Cummins: Additive and Subtractive Bilingualism
401
Research
Lorena Hernandez
03/03/2020
Who is Jim Cummins?
Jim Cummins
James Cummins is a professor at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education of the University of Toronto where he works on language development and literacy development of learners of English as an additional language
Additive and Subtractive Bilingualism
Definition
Additive bilingualis: in which the first language continues to be developed and the first culture to be valued while the second language is added.
Subtractive bilingualism: in which the second language is added at the expense of the first language and culture, which diminish as a consequence.
Additive Bilingualism
This type of bilingualism is used to have deeper levels of understanding and this helps the student transfer the knowledge from one context to another.
Additive bilingualism will engage the student to enable academic engagement.
Children who are bi-literate often tend to have an overall stronger reading skill such as letter decoding, phonological awareness, print knowledge, and metalinguistic awareness.
This type of bilingualism will make the child lose their first language within time, as they are being exposed frequently to the second language. Subtractive bilingualism may cause the child to feel that their first language is unwelcome in the classroom and will probably abstain from it.