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Series, Parallel Circuits and Electrical Safety

Juliet, James, Sawyer, and Bella

Parallel circuit

Resistance

What is electrical potential

Electrical Potential

Electrons in circuits have possible energy

Electrical potential is the amount of work needed to move a charge to a different place in a circuit

Potential difference or voltage? Units?

Potential difference or voltage

Potential difference is also called voltage. Potential difference is the difference between two places. The unit is (V)

Examples of voltage sources

Batteries and generators are two of the most common voltage sources. Some other voltage sources are friction, magnetism, chemicals, light, heat, and pressure.

Examples of voltage sources

how does resistance effect current?

the electric current flowing is proportional to the voltage and inversely to the resistance side.

increasing the resistance of the circuit will lower the current flow if the voltage dosnt change.

What is Ohm's Law?

Ohm's Law

Ohm’s law says that electrical current is equal to voltage

It was created by George Simon Ohm

An example of Ohm’s law would be electric heaters because the amount of power needed by the heater is found by using Ohm’s law

What is grounding?

  • Grounding is the wire that protects you from being shocked
  • Say a short circuit appears on a phone, a current will go in the Earth through a low resistance wire
  • It will hit a grounding wire and who ever is touching the wire will be protected

Grounding

What is a third prong?

  • You know on a cable plug in there's three metal stick things
  • The two flat prongs with holes on the top connect it to a building
  • The third prong is the round thick one and it connects the cable to the ground wire
  • A circuit is grounded electrically when it flows circuit through circuit

Third prong

What is a lightning rod?

  • A lightning rod is a metal rod mounted on the roof of a building in order to protect a building
  • The lightning rod is connected to a grounding wire
  • When lightning strikes the rod, charges flow through the rod, into the wire, into the Earth
  • Benjamin Franklin created this and realized that we needed to be safe from lightning so he created the lightning rod

Lightning Rod

What is a short circuit?

  • A short circuit is a connection that allows current to take an unintended path.
  • Instead of the current going where its supposed to go, it will go wherever it wants
  • It could go through a human or another object

What is a

short circuit

how to prevent an electric shock

How to prevent electric shock

  • Always have dry hands when touching wires and cords
  • When taking out a chord pull on the plug, not the cord
  • Do not continuously flip switches on and off
  • Turn lights off when you leave a room for a long time

What are fuses and circuit breakers used for

Fuses and circuit breakers

Fuses have 3 major uses

The first one is to protect electric circuits and other equipment

It protects it from short circuiting and from receiving too much current

The second one is to protect us from getting shocked

The third one is to stop fires from occurring

It does this by stopping too much current from starting a fire

Circuit breakers stop the current if it is getting overloaded

what are the advantages/disadvantages of series VS parallel circuits?

the paths of parallel have a combined resistance which a voltage builds across. And the current through each path is that voltage divided by the resistance of each of the paths

the disadvantage is parallel wiring is usually a lower voltage for safety. But requires more wire, and a bigger cross sectional area of copper wire. And the advantages of parallel are that any load plugged in gets a predictable voltage.

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